43 10 689 http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/d7a06b8775b69b5f7e1e01093c24661d.pdf 19c4b97cc77fcdb6d0d370502c2accb2 PDF Text Text �������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Zapisnik sa Prve Oblasne konferencije AFŽa za oblast Sarajevo Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa Sarajevo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13.11.1949. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine, Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 344-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 32 str. 1949. babice Centralni odbor AFŽa Jugoslavije konferencije Kulturno-prosvjetna sekcija kulturno-prosvjetni rad MDFŽ Oblasni odbor AFŽa Sarajevo organizaciono stanje Osmi mart pioniri plenumi politički rad porodilje privreda školske kuhinje zdravstveni rad zdravstveno-socijalna sekcija http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/843cc33c6091d805e0b1dc81feade5f4.pdf 290a02b8366372a3d4d728da802a1a15 PDF Text Text ���������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I plenum AFŽa Sarajevske oblasti Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa Sarajevo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 22.02.1950. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine, Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 356-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 22 str. 1950. analfabetski tečajevi dječije kuhinje dječiji domovi industrija izbori jaslice Majka i dijete obdaništa Oblasni odbor AFŽa Sarajevo poljoprivreda porodilišta predizborna kampanja privreda Prvi plenum Oblasnog odbora AFŽa Sarajevo referati vaspitanje djece http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/e4db5dbaac2b71942489c34e495d9ba3.pdf 82e876ff73fe16f5c87770b0719be099 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pregled horskih pjesama, drama i recitacija za proslavu 08.marta Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa Sarajevo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26.01.1950. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine, Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 358-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 str. 1950. Oblasni odbor AFŽa Sarajevo Osmi mart http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/15758325976c9b8997f986367aeec73d.pdf f7b6fc9fd4fbdc3a027d24e4a2fef14d PDF Text Text ���������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Godišnji izvještaj Oblasnog odbora AFŽa Tuzla Description An account of the resource Izvještaj za 1949. godinu Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa Tuzla Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine, Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 338-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 16 str. 1949. aktivi analfabetski tečajevi Glavni odbor AFŽa BiH godišnji izvještaj o radu izbori konferencije Kulturno-prosvjetna sekcija kulturno-prosvjetni rad kursevi Majka i dijete njegovateljice Oblasni odbor AFŽa Tuzla opismenjavanje organizaciona pitanja plenumi politički rad predizborna kampanja rad na terenu radna akcija radna snaga tečajevi zdravstveno-socijalna sekcija http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/f36d1d37ba100cb5cda20aa4c212238f.pdf 40be8c93b49cb32ad65d9c945fc0d390 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa za Hercegovinu Subject The topic of the resource Pokretanje ženskog lista u svrhu emancipacije i edukacije žena Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa za Hercegovinu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24.04.1944. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine; Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Language A language of the resource SH, ćir. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 01-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 str. Type The nature or genre of the resource izvještaj 1944 AFŽ Bosna i Hercegovina Oblasni odbor AFŽ za Hercegovinu obrazovanje političarke politička prava ženski listovi ženski pokreti http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/03ba1ab041738cb2021b87e80474f4a6.pdf b32175964e262b17857b3241723f2e68 PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centralnom odboru Antifašističkog fronta žena Jugoslavije Subject The topic of the resource Izvještaj o stanju organizacije u Hercegovini Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor AFŽa za Hercegovinu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource s.a. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine; Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Language A language of the resource SH, ćir. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 02-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 3 str. Type The nature or genre of the resource izvještaj AFŽ Jugoslavije Bosna i Hercegovina Hercegovina NOB Oblasni odbor AFŽ za Hercegovinu političarke politika http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/1f1ada828ffa72734aa45a81663aab78.pdf 31485bc4d6db605908b9fb149b3ff8b5 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drugarskom Okružnom odboru AFŽ-a za Glamoč Subject The topic of the resource Viši kurs AFŽ-a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor Antifašističkog fronta žena Jugoslavije - za Bosansku Krajinu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20.12.1943. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine; Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 16-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 str. Type The nature or genre of the resource upute 1943 AFŽ Jugoslavije Bosna i Hercegovina Oblasni odbor AFŽ za Bosansku Krajinu Viši kurs AFŽ http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/7904dc92d6106b85606f51cb2eeda4be.pdf 66d1c21d9e798eca4ea9408a0cd1f17c PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dokumenti iz arhiva Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A Dokument Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Okružnom odboru AFŽ Subject The topic of the resource Prvi kongres bosansko-hercegovačkih žena Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oblasni odbor Antifašističkog fronta žena za Bosansku Krajinu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 30.01.1945. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arhiv Bosne i Hercegovine; Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Language A language of the resource SH, ćir. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 09-A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1 str. Type The nature or genre of the resource upute 1945 AFŽ Bosna i Hercegovina Dušanka Kovačević Prvi kongres AFŽ Soja Ćopić http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/8e1ae63032a37e091cf9389b8f53b271.pdf 61b08ed2f47674711af07cb712870f96 PDF Text Text ! I flOJIO/K AJ /KEHE Y CIJHPJ �I 2KEHA. nTOCJIABli!JE Y HAPO,!l;HOJ PEBOJIYI!li!JM Ha ocHosy MaTep>IjaJia aHKeTe: ,0 yqen:rhy >KeHa y llOJI>ITJ1';1KOM JKml<lTy Jyr<JCJiaBHje", KOjy cy IIO'IeTKOM 1953 roAIDie 3a YHECKO o6pa,l\>IJI>I. Hei!a Bo>KHHoB>IIi il npo<j>. I!P- MaKe Ilieyl!epJI, 3a IIITaMny npnpei!HJia: Y 6HBIIIOj JyrocJiaB>IjH, y KOjOj cy BJia,D;aJif'l kaiiHTaJIJ1CTJ1'tJKH O,zr;HOCH rrpon3BOI!lhe, pai!BH JbYI!>I yonlliTe, a y npBOM pe11y pai!HM"tJKa KJiaca, 6MJlY! cy o6ecrrpaBJb€HH H Heaa Boorcuuosuh HHKaKBJi!X_ IIOJIJ1TJ1"8:KJ1X rrpasa,. g_______ { Si~n. ___B_,gg_ ~WJ !ARO~Gt I P.EVulUGIJE BlH Bl3li0TEKA I ~TAUPA T eKCTIJIOaT:vt:CaHM. LKeHe noce6Ho HHcy HMaJie HH oHa orpaHliflieHa rrpaaa Koja cy rpaljaHnMa nHa'!e 6>ma np>I3HaTa. LKese Hwcy HMaJie ,· lnv. br. ....!I'J -------------···-· .... HHCy HMaJie HJ1 aKTHBHO HH rrac:vmHO rrpaso rJiaca. ·Y rrpaxcH, -:m:eHa HMje 6MJIO HH Ha sa>KHHjHM yrrpaBH>IM . noc.ITosnMa. IIpeMa Y CTasy . J 931 r_OIIl>!lJ:">-Jl:!'eHa_je..MorJJ:;t 3ay]eTHJl:OJJ:Q~i!L<Y.z1l<f_e,:::. __ aJI>I 3aKQH KOjH je OBY ycTaBHY oji;pel!6y 'rpe6aJIO ,11a CIIpOB€,11€ y :>KHB~j.e..,n;OHB-T--CB€-.. j\0 --Kpaja IIOCTOjaH>a cTiipe:ofyrocoraiDI.fe:.. LKeHa je 6nJia 3anocTaBJbeHan y o6Jiac CTMrpal)aHCKCir"'J1 IIOp0,11H'IHOr HaCJI€/!HOr npasa*.. Y 6paq, H>IM Oi1H<?C>IMa BJia)1aJio je yrJiaBHoM rrpas:.rJio ,11a je MY>K ,rJiaBa rropo,n;J1u;e"-11 ,l(a je JKeHa ,n;y}!{Ha ;n;a ra-cJiyma M ,IJ;a ;w. · MY ce·rroKopasa. MyJK je, npeMa TOMe, o,n;JiyqJi!.~ao o_. MecT~ cTaHoBalba. ·o Bacn.J4.or.aH>y..~eu;e, ....o____yiJpgB_.ffialby·~··3a]€,i(Hifij:."' KOM MMO~!';(ElQ.¥J..I!.fL~~-K3:LI:'l_WOBWJOM ~~jy_ je --~~:H-~.-YH-~-~~ ·y-·6]la'qiiy 3aje)1HHu;y. LKeHa je y npeTe>KHOM ,11€JIY 6nJia iicK'.ibyqeiia--iii:@£.ITei!Bor rrpasa. Y Cp5njn je >KeHa, Ha~ npHMep, MorJia ·HacJi€~i!Ti:-x MY2K:i~ caMo y cJiyqajy aKo oH HeMa Hli!je,n;Hor MYIIIKor cpo,n;HHKa cBe ,n;a· ce,n;Mor KOJieHa, ITo!!a~ ce TeMeJbe Ha ny6JIHKa~j aMa Case3Har :mBOlla 3a CTaTHc1'HKy M eBMI!eHI\Hjy, MaTep>Ija.Ji>IMa AH'I'Vr<Pa=cT>I'IKor <j>poHTa :m:eHa, xao " H3BelliTaj>IMa nojei!>I- . HHX YCTaHOBa H opraH>I3au;wja IIpHKyrTJbeH>IM 3a HaB€i!€HY a:HKery. a >K€HCKa ,l\€D;a 6HJia cy lfCKJby'IeHa H3 HaCJielja y KOpHCT CJiiHOBa.· M y npoQeCHOM npasy :>KeHa je y HeKHM npasHHM IIOI\PY'<j>IMa 6>IJia HJIH JIHllleHa npasa ,11a 6y,11~ pasHa- * Y 6vmwoj Jy:i-ocJiaBJ1jH 6HJIO je 6 npaBHHX rrop;pyqja Ha xojHMa cy npHMelbHBaHH pa3JIH"<~MTJ1 npaBHH npom1CH - rra n Y <>.n.Hcicy. Ha ·2KeHe. 3 �npaBHa CTpaHKa ca MYIIIKapqeM, MJIM je 3a Bpiiielbe M3BeCHI1X rrpaBa, aKo je 6uJia y,!laTa, MopaJia MMaTM O,!I06pelbe My:a<a. · · IIpaaa MajKe 6>ma cy TpeTnpaHa Ha CJIM<raH Ha<ri1H.. MajKa HMje MOrJia 611TM TyTop ,!leTeTy. BaH6pa<rHa MajKa 611Jia je JIMIIIeHa· CBaKor· npaaa rrpeMa oqy lleTeTa, a 11eTe Ce HaJia3MJIO CKOpO y 6ecnpaBHOM IIOJIO:a<ajy, · 3anocJieHe :a<eHe, pa/IH""'e u' cey:a<5eH>m;e, 3a MCTI1 pa11 6uJie cy Malbe rrJialieHe. Pa/IHMne cy rrpi1MaJie 3a MCTM pa11 rrpoce<rHO 25% p;o 30% Malhy mraTy Hero pa11H""'11, a Y MHOrMM rpaHaMa M li,O 50%. ¢!1HaHCMCKMM 3ilKOHOM 0):\ 1939 rD,!111He CMalbeHe ~Te y11aT11M :>KeHaMa, ~ ;mrn c~a 3a 30% ~. -····JiarrpeiiHe :>KeHe y rrpBOM pe11y pa/IH><ne u :>KeHe pa,!\HI1Ka y 5HBillOj JyrOCJiaB11jl1 y<reCTB<iBaJie cy aKTMBHO y OIIIIITeHapO/IHOj 5op5H llpOTI1B · HeHapO/IHHX pe:>KI1Ma 3a ,ZJ;eMOKpaTM3au;njy 3eMJbe, 3a TI060Jhilla:fbe. eKOHOMCKOr . IIOJIO:a<aja pa/IHI1X JbY/IM, CBeCHe 11a je TO je/IHHH rryT M 3a ocrnapeH>e lbYIXOBe paBaorrpasaocTM. JKene y_ HapoiJuooc.noDodu.tta'!f.'lCOj- sojc~u. Bop5a 3a paaHarrpaBHDCT JKeHa y Toxy Hapo11He peBoJiyql1je 611Jia je cacTaBHM ;n;~o 6op6e "t!HTa:~or · Ha- po.n;a 3a HaU)i!OHaJIHy -He3aBJ1CHOCT. Jf 3a ~DIIlliTa ,z:(eMOKpaT- CK>) npaBa. KoMYHHCTM<rKa napTI1ja JyrocJiaBHje, xoja je CTaj aJia Ha <reJiy Hapo11He peBoJiyquje 0,11 rrpBHX ,11aHa . ycTaHKa_ CllpOBO,!IH y :lKHBOT llpMHqMII . paBHOupaBHOCTJ.f :lKeHa. 0 TOMe cBe/IO'fH yG:e!llli.e JKeHa 6opa11a y npBHM opraHH30BaHMM napT113aHCK11M O/lpe;:i><Ma; y<rewhe :lKeHa y IIpBHM HapO,l\HOOCJI060,!IMJia'l:K11M 0/150p><Ma, KaO M y APYrMM <flopMaMa aKTHBHOCTI1 Koj e cy ce pa3BHj aJie j oiii , y TOKy 1941 r0/111He. . Y napTM3aHCKMM OIIPei\11Ma 11 je,l\!1HMqaMa HapO/IHOocJio5o,!IHJiaG:Ke BojcKe CTaJIHo je pacTao 5poj >KeHa 5o- Pill:@~ _ !!9-.J.U:J:T.~~8.f!i!-~.t.%,_QQ~)!..~~~n\ ~_Y_:~:rvrp·a:···- LKeHe oopl111 no cBojoj 6op6eHOCTI1 " ><3/lp>K.J:bimocTH y. IIO/IHOIIIel:by CBJ1f{ paTHHX TeillKOfia .HlfCY 3aOCTajaJie 3a CBOjHM IIPYrDJ>MMa 6opq>:rMa. fbl1XoB xepOH3aM u caMorrperop ~pJ168BJ10 YIM je yrJiep; J.1 IIO!IlTOBa£-he~ KaKO lb:v.i:XOB_MX p;py- roBa TaKa J1 n;eJior Hapo,n;a. Y rror.rie11y Y31\H3alba J!<eHa Ha pyKoBO/Ieli.e <flYHKqHje y BOj Crrl1 HMje 5J1JIO Hl1KaKBJ1X rrpe,!lpacy,!la. 2KeHe cy 4 - Q"eH>E!He. npeMa ··lbYIXOBHM crroco6HocTMMa~ CTora cy :m:eHe BpW11Jie pa3He <flyHKqMje y BOjCqM, HapO<iWTO IIOJIHTMG:Ke, 11' y caHI1TeTy. PeJiaTHBHO BeJIMKH 6poj :a<eHa 6uo je Ha cpyHKIJ;HjaMa- IIOJIJiiTJiNK:MX lJ,€JieraT&,. 3aM8HHKa .KOMecap~ 11 KOMecapa-y ,"qeTaMa,-·6a'!'aJbOHMMa iia. H 6pnra,ZJ;aMa, .l.!Jia.;. HOB a IIOJIMTO/IeJia 6pHI"a,!la M /IMBH3Mj a, pe<fJepeHeTa CaHH~ TeTa; o6aBeiiiTajmrx octnrqnpa, BO,!J;HMKa, KoMaH,n;Hpa -qeTa, G:JiaHOBa l30jHI1X cy,n;oBa MT/1. . . 0,!1 1941-1945 ·rO/IMHe 60pMJIO Ce y pe/IOBMMa rrapTM~ 3aHCKI1X OI\Pella 11 HapO/IHOOcJio5o/IMJia'<Ke BojcKe oKo 100.000 JKeHa, o,!( Koji1X je norueyJio 25.000, a palbeHo aKa 40.000. CaMo y TOKY paTa oKo 2.000 :>KeHa yHarrpeljeHo je y 'l:I1H o<fl><g><pa. IIocJie paTa 5poj JKeHa KOje cY /I05HJie _'Octm:u;HpCKe 11 rro,n;ocJ:mu;HpcKe -qiDioBe 3HaTHO ce rroBehao, a Meljy lbHMa ,D;OCTa je ·aHl1X KOje J1Majy B111lle O<fJHqHpCKe l.!MHOBe. ,JiapTH3aHCKY CIIOMeHm.J;y-1941 r6p;mre" MMa OKO 1.900 JKeHa, 11JIM 10,7% 011 yKyrrHor 6poja HOCHJiaqa ,Crro. MeHHI1e", Opl\eHOM HapOI\HOr xepoja OI\JIHKOBaHe cy _63 :a<eHe, ><JIM 6% Ol\ yKy'IIBor 6poja. BeJIMKM 6poj :a<eHa HOCI1 · u IIPYra BHCOKa paTHa O,D;JIMKOBalba. · Beh 011 npBMX 11aHa ycTaHKa orpoMaH 6poj :a<eHa YK.JbY'<MO ce u Ha ,!~pyre Ha'l:MHe y OIIWTeHapO/IHY . 6op6y. Y OKyiiHpaHHM rpa/IOl3HMa n ceJII1Ma MHoro6pojHe opraHI130BaHe rpyrre :lKeHa npJ.fKY~ rr.Jbajy caHI1TeTCKI1 MaTep11jaJI, opraHM3yjy " rroxaljajy J1JieraJIHe KypceBe 3a 6oJIHJP:r3.pKe, opraH:vr3yjy KaHa.rre 3_a rrpe6a~HBa:Ebe caHHTeTcKor' -M ;n;pyror MaTep:vrjaJia napTH3aHli!Ma, KaHaJie 3a rrpe6au;MBaae ~y,n;:n· li:I3 rpa,n;oBa Ha ocJio5oljeey TepHTOp11jy H rrapTM3aHCKe 0/lpe,n;e, M3HaJia3e CTaHOBe sa .:v:m€raJio;e, Bo.n;e rrporrai'aH,n;y rrpoTHB o,n;Jia1Keina Ha pal\ y HeMa'rKy, 5ojxoTyjy oxyrraTopcKa TP:lKMWTa, M y HeKOJIMKO rpa,!IOBa jaBHO ,!leMOHCTpMpajy IIpOTI1B rJia/IM M cKyrrohe, rrpoT::t-:t:B xarrmeH>a }KeHa J1 ;a;eu;e (MocTap, CrrJIHT, IliM6eHMK, Jby6.lliaHa 11 ,!lp.). 35or cBor aKTMBHOr pa,n;a y HapO/IHOocJio6oiiMJia"<KOM rraKpeTy BeJIMKM 6poj EeHa 6110 je xarrrneH o,n; cTpaHe recTanoa 11 KB:HCJIJ1HIIIKe rromr[\Hje. Ha 11eceTMHe XM.Jballa :>KeHa 5nJio je OTepaHo y JIOrope, ocyijeHO Ha cMpT 11 cTpeJDaHo. -,I(o rrocJie,ZJ;l:bei,' LJaca >.Keue ua OKynupauoj .u na oc.no6o~euoj TepuTopuju 5 �KHM BefiHMa Hapo.n;Hor ocJio6olje'ita, y o.n;6opHMa Hapo)l;HOocJto6o)l;HJiaqKor ¢poaTa, y pyKOBO)l;CTBHMa ·opraHH3au;nja ; KIIJ, CKOJ-a, OMJia)l;HHe, y Bojao-.rro3a)l;HHCKHM opraH!1Ma, _I\HBHJIHHM Cy)l;OBHMa HT)l;. QHe cy.cMe:no npKOCHJie·oKynaTopy He.o.n;ajylm csoje .n;pyrose. ca-KOJHMa- cy pa.n;nJie; * . ·.· · . . .· , · Ha ~cJio6oljeHoj . TepnTopnjH y Cp6HjH, XpllaTCKoj, CJioBeHHJH, Bo':l" " .n;pyrHM KpajeBHMa· :>KeHe ce. opran>I. 30BaHO- YK'fbY'<YJY·. Y 6op6y npeKo CBOjHX aHTH¢ailll1:CTH'iKHX o.n;6opa. O.n;6opH :>KeHa opraHH3yjy caKynJba:a.e xpaHe 3a napTH3aHcKe o.n;pe.n;e, cHa6.n;esajy. o.n;pe.n;e o.n;ell.OMH o6yc fioM, ITJieO::y qapane, J.IeMnepe, Iill1jy sern, H3paljyjy·onaHKe, opraHH3YJY npa,he " KpnJbeH.e o.n;ell.e. Osa noMoll.. >Kena 6HJia j e BaHpe.n;Ho 3Haqajaa, c o63HpOM na TO .n;a j e napTH3aHcKe o.n;pe.n;e, napo'<HTO y npBHM .n;aaHMa Hapo.n;aoocJio6o.n;HJia<i:Kor paTa, CKOpo HCKJbY'<HBO• caa6.n;esao napo.n;, O.n; noce6aor 3Ha'iaja je pa.n; >Keaa y 60JIHHu;aMa n 6pHra 3a caa6.n;e_sa:a.e H qysa:a.e pa:a.eHHKa, aapo'iHTo y CJIY'fajesHMa HenpHJaTeJbcKe o¢aa3HBe H aanyrnTa:a.a TepHTopnje o.n; CTpaae napTH3aHCKHX o.n;pe.n;a. Y MHoro cJiy'<ajeBa 6pnra o pa:a.e;rnu;HMa rroJ3epaBaaa je >KeHaMa, Koje cy 3HaJie " ITO)l; HaJTe>KHM OKOJIHOCTHMa .n;a HX caqysajy H CaKpHjy o.n; aerrpnjaTeJba. OrpoMaH j e .n;orrpnaoc >Kena Ha ocJio6oljeHoj TepHTOpHjH H Y tlpyrHM BpCTaMa ITOMOfiH HapO)l;HOOCJIOOO)l;HJia'iKOj BOjcu;n: H3HOIIIeH.y pa:EbeHHKa ca ITOJIO}Kaja, Horue!hy pa:a,eHHKa, rrpeHOIIIelhy xpaHe, MYHHu;nje, Opy>Kj a, BO)l;e BOjHHM j e)l;HHHI\aMa 'ieCTO Ha BpJIO y)l;aJbeHe rroJio>Kaje. Ha )l;OMaKy nenpnjaTeJbCKlp:' J:IYIIIaKa, qecTo no,n; HerrpMjaTeJbCKOM BaTpOM, JKeHe cy, Hap01.!JII'fO Bell. o.n; 1941 ro.n;nHe >Keae cy 6ilpaHe y aapo)l;aoocJio6o)l;I1Jia'<Ke o)l;6ope y Cp6njn, BojBo)l;HHH, XpsaTcKoj, Bocan. Y MHOrHM o)l;6opnMa >Kene cy 6HJre y selinHI1, !IITO j e 3a Ta,l(annne ycJioBe _ 5nJio HOpMaJIHo. OcMM Tara, OHe Ha OCJI<)6oljeHoj H HeOCJI05ol)eHoj TepHTOpHjH Bpiiie H MHOro6pOjHe ITOJIHTH'<Ke H !(pyre ¢YHKI\l1je: y aHT!i<lpaiJI>{CTJf<ITipeMa aaKaa,n;Hoj rrpoQeHf:I ;o;p. ,D;oncpe BoreJI!.mKa, aerro- cpe;z:r;m1 paTHH ry6Y.IIJ;H Y _JyrOCJraB_MjH H3HOCHJIH cy YKYITHO 1,810.000 Jbyp;n. O,n; Tora je 620.000· ::m:eaa~· MJIM jep;aa Tpehmm YKYTIIlliX paTHMX m:pTaBa. (2Kea:e rrorHayne y HOB u ITOJ, CTpeJI>aHe Ma·coBao VI y noropHMa, YMPJie y 36erOBMMa u_ norHeyJie o;n; 6oM6ap,n;osalf>a.) 6 HaJIHy He3aBl'!CHOCT, o6yxBaTajyfiM CTOT:mre· XlifJDa,!(a 2KeHa cnpeMHHX 11a y Toj 6op6H)l;ajy "cBoje >KHBOTe: Jorn 21 aBrycTa 1941 ro)l;HHe o)l;p:>Kaaa je npsa·KoH¢epeHI\Hja >KeHa .[(pBapa H OKOJIHHe. CJIH'<H€ KOH¢epeHI\Hje 0,1\p>KaBaHe cy KaCHHje H y . .n;pyrHlvi KpajeBnMa JyrocJiaBwje 11 Ha :a.HMa . cy 6MpaHH o)l;6opn JKena. Ha IlpBoj 3eMa.llicKoj Koa¢epeH" I1JfjH aHTH¢alill1cTKHH.a JyrocJiaBHje 6. XII. 1942 ro)l;HHe >KeHe JyrocJiasMje ocnrrBajy csojy opraH113au;11jy, npeKo KOje lie y6y)l;ylie jO!II optaHH30BaHrrje;l1 KOMITaKTHHje MOliH )l;a ·)l;onp>mecy cBoj y11eo y ocrilape:a.y I\11.IheBa Hapo)l;HDoc.rro6o)l;HJia'<Ke 6op6e, cBoj y)l;eo y 6op6n 3a cJio6o)l;y n He3aBHCHOCT CBOjHX Hapo.n;a y 6op6H npOTHB ¢aiiii13Ma. Oae cy 6nJie cBecHe )l;a he y Toj 6op6w, CJ?Oji1M aKTHBHHM yqerulieM, OCTBapHTH H CBOjy pa:eaonpaBHOCT. roBopeliH 0 )l;OTipHHOCy >KeHa .JyrOCJiaBI1je >(a llpBOj Koa¢epeHJ:1rrjrr aHTI1¢arnHCTKHH.a JyrocJiaBHje .n;pyr THTO je peKao: 0MJI3-:- )l;HHKe, opranH3oBaHe y pa)l;He '<eTe, o6palj>IBaJie Hofiy aarryruTeHa rroJba H ca6npaJie JieTHHy 3a Hapo)l;HoocJio6oll:>rJia'<KY BOjCKy. Y )l;HBep3aHTCKHM aKnHjaMa, rrpeKOITa~ sa:a.y necTa, y pyrne:a.y npyra >KeHe na ocJio6oljeHoj Tepi1TOp11jH Y3HMajy BH)l;Hor y'<e!IIlia. * IloKpeT :>Kena KDjH je y JyrocJiaBHjH noc'rojao " npe paTa 11 KOjH je 6no YKJbY'feH y onrnTy aapo)l;HY 6op6y· TipOTHB HeHapO)l;HHX pe>KHMa pa36yKTaO ce y ycJIO" BHMa Hapo)l;HoocJio6o)l;HJia'<KOr paTa, y 6op6>r 3a nau;11oA'HTUif;amucTtf.'ll.?<:U if;pO'HT :J!Cf!_'iW I ,KfiepH HaillJ-:~:x- Hapo,n;a cTaJie cy y npse pe~ose Hapo,u;HoocJio6o,u;HJia"::Ke sojcxe 11 napTH3aHcxJ1x o,n;pe,n;a Jyroc.n.asHje. Hama no3ap;li:IHa je, ·Bmue ·Hero J1lllTa ,n;pyro, p;OKa3 K01I.J1KO cy OH€_ .CBjeCH€ OBOr XHCTOpMCI_{Or .MOM€HTa, xa,n;a -c~ O",ztJiy'lJyje· cy,n;6naa · "i~Tasor qosjeqaac:sa, xa;na ce . o,n;Jiy"iyJe cy,n;6v.ma ~eaa ... " ,2Keae JyrocJiaeuje xoje cy y osoj 6op611 ca TaKBHM CaMOnperOpOM -J{a.ne Ta;KB€ JKpTB€, OH€ IliTO -TaKO YIIOPHO. cToje y · .-npBVIM pe,n;oeHMa Hapo,n;aoocJio6o,n;HJia'3:Ke 6op6e, HMajy npaso ~a oe,nje, ;n:aaac, je,n;aHrryT 3a YBHjeK, YTBP,n;e je,n;ay ""<IHif>einm;y:. ,n;a osa 6op6a MOpa ,n;omij€TH mzo;n:a H 3a JKeae aapo;n;a JyroCJiainrje, ,n:a HHKa,n;a 'BHllle HHKO Hehe MOhJil. J%ICTprayTH. 'l'€ CKy.rro' TIJ;raheHe nJIOp;OB€ 113 JbHXOBHX pyey! 3a o.sy_ CTB.ap Haruux_· 2Ke~a CTajahe ~ama, .Hapolt,:s;oocJio6o,n;HJia'lxa BojcKa 11 cse x.eae -Koje ce HaJiase y npBHM pe,n;oBHMa- BeJIH'Ke '_60p6€." �AHT11cparu11cTWIKI1 cppoHT >KeHa; KOjl1 je y 'TOKY pa:Ta 113pacTao y opra:HI13Rl111jy CBI1X >KeHa JyrocJraBHje, yJiarao je, BeJIMKe Hanope 1\R, rmpe11 opraH1130Balha >KeHa 3a Ibi1Xo- ', / Bo aKTI1BHO yq:eruhe y HapOI\HOOcJio6ol\':fJiaq:Ji:qj 6op6n, y3~J1rHe CB~CT }I{eHa H JbY,U:J1 0 H':JMXOBO] paBHOnpaBHOCTM. Ha TOM rrocJiy aeoMa 3Haq:ajHy yJiory Ol\11rpaJie cy 11 opraHI13Rl1Hj e HapOI\HOr cppoHTa, HapOI\HOOcJio6oi\11Jiaq:rm Ol\6op11, y KOji1Ma cy >KeHe paBHorrpaBHO yq:ecTBOBaJie y pai\Y. IIoce6Hy yJiory Ol\11rpaJie cy jei\11HHI1e HOB " IIOJ, Koje cy Y CJI0601\HHM 'fRCOBI1MR pa3BHjaJie 11HTeH311BaH IIOJIHTWIKI1 J?RI\ Meljy HRJ?OI\OM. Meljy OCTRJIHM IIJ1TRH.l1MR, 6opljl1 cy Ha cKyrroB11Ma Hapol\a o6jarulbaBaJIH 11 rrp111h-1nne paBHorrpaBHOCTH :lKeaa. Eop6a 3a paBHorrpaBHOCT >KeHa JyrocJiaBI1je y TDKY Hapo.o;HoocJio6oAHJia'IKor pa:Ta Hl1je 611.rra CaMo CTBap JKeH~, Hero je IIOCTaJia J1 CTBap CBaKOr y'IeCHI1Ka y HapDI\HOOCJio6o.o;HJia'IKOM pa:Ty. Y npBHM nuCaHMM np0IIJ1"C:i:1:Ma 0 HRJ?OI.\HOOCJI060I\HJIR'IKJ1M OI\60p11MR KOje je H31\RO BpXOBHJ1 IUTa6 aiCe'H,a HapOI\HOOcJio6oJ:ii1Jia'!Ke )!ojcKe cpe6pyapa 1942 rOI\MHe y ¢D"'H (,3al\aljH 11 ycTpOjCTBO HapOI\HOocJio6oi\HJia"'KHX oA6opa" i%i: ,06jalUibelba " yrryTCTBa 38. pal\ HapOI\HOOCJI06DI\11Jia"!KJ1X OI\60pa y OCJI06oljeHI1M KpajeBHMa") H3pa:lKeH je IIJ?11Hljl1II paBHOIIpaBHOCTI1 :lKerra KOI\ H36opa 3a ceocKe rrapo.o;rroocJio60I\MJia"!Ke OA6ope. Taj rrpHHijHII 1\0CJiei\HO je crrpoaoljeH 11 KRCHMje Kp03 MHOro6pOjHe IIHCRHe 1\0KyMeHTe IIOJIJ1TI1"'KJ1X H BOjHHX py~ KOBOI\CTaBa Hapo.o;rro6cJio6o.o;I1Jia"'KOr rroKpeTa. Ha.BerulieMo CRMO H€K6 01.\ IbJ1X. ]if3BplUHH OI\50p 0CB0601\J1JIHe cppOHTe H31\RO je 17 Maja 1942 r. ,01\JIYKY 0 ycTaHO)lJbelby Hapo,t~He BJiaCTJ1 Ha OCJI050}j8HOj CJIOBeHa'l.IKOj Tep11:T0pMjK 11 , K6jOM ce o.o;peljyje 11a je Hapoi\HOOCJio5oi\11Jia"'KH OI\5Dp ,cacTaBJbeH OA 5 AD 15- '<JiaHOBa 6e3 pa3JIMKe nona" H ,t~a CBH rpaljaHH KOjl1 cy HRBJ?IUHJI11 18 rO,liHHR HMajy RKTHBHO H rraCI1BHO 6><pa'<KO rrpaBo 6e3 pa3J!HKe Ha rroJI. CerrTeM5pa 1942 rDI\HHe BpxoBHI1 KOMRHARHT HapOI\HOOCJI060,lii1Jia"'Imx .\IapTH3aHCKHX 01\p€1\a H ,li06pOB0JhR"'K€ BOjCKe JyroCJiaBI1j e THTO, H3,t~ao j e y EHXafiy, ,Hapei\6Y o H36opHMa HapOI\HOOCJI0601\HJia'IKJ1X OI\60pa" y KOjOj je 6HJIO H3pa>KeHO HR'IeJIO ga y H35bp><Ma 3a HapOI\HOOCJI060,liHJia'!Ke 01-160pe y'IeCTBYJY IIOI\je,t~HaKO MYIIIKRJ?[\11 H lf'€He, ~o%y~eUTU -U3 ap€MeUa paTa o paauonpaeuocTu 8 KRO H HR'l:€JIO 1-1a 38. 'IJJ;RHR,HRp01.\HOOCJI060I\l1JIR'l:KOr OI\60pa J1JII1 IIOBepeHMKa MO>Ke 6HTH 6><paH CBRKI1 rpa'\jaHHH KOjJ-I je HaBpiii110 18 rDI\HHR, 6e3 063Hpa Ha IIOJI. . Y Hapel\6>< BpxoBHor IIITa6a HapOI\HOOCJio6oA11Jia'l:Ke BOjCKe 11 rrapT113RHCKHX 01\pei\R JyroCJIRBI1je 0 113J?RI\11 CIII1CKOBa BOjHI1X 06B€3HHKa, 01.\ 9. I. 1943 rOI\HHe HapeljeHO je, J13Meljy OCTaJibr, 1.\R ce y BOjHe CIIHCKOBe J-IMajy yBeCTJ1 11 >KeHe 011 HaBprrreHe 18 110 45 rOI\I-fHa, Koje ce A06poBOJbHO ·npHjaBe y pei.\OB~ 6opa!ja HOB 11 IIOJ, Kao 11 oMJI8.1\MHKe 01\ 17 11 18 ro,n;!riia CTRpOCTH, KOje Ce I\06pOBOJbHO ja:Be. O,n; cpe6pyapa ·1944 ro,n;HHe ,n;o HOBeM6pa ncTe ro,n;HHe o,n;p2KaHa cy 3acep;alba 3eMaJbCKMX aHT:m:j:>aiiiMcT:r:r"9:KMX Belia XpBaTcKe, EocHe i%r XepljeroBHHe H Ma:Kei.\OH11Je Kao 11 ·sace)J;alha CJioBeHcKor oCso6o)I.i1JIHor cseTa, :qpHoropcKe aHTHcparuHCTWIKe cKynrrrTHHe HRPOI\HOr ociro6oljelha ri BeJII1Ke aHTMcparui1CTI1'l:Ke Hapo,n;HoocJ:ro6o,n;I1JIR'l:_Ke cKyrr- _ .IIITHHe Cp611je. Ha TMM 3ace,n;alhHMa 1.\0HeTe cy 11 ,n;eKJiapal1"ie 0 rrpa:BI1MR rpa'\jaHa y KOjHMa je KRO je,n;HO 01\ OCHOBHHx Ha'tn~Jia M3 li!CTaKHYTO lii -·Ha't:feJIO paBHOrrpaBHOCTH JKeHa. OBHX HeKOJIHK:o HajBa~HMjYIX ,rt;OKY_MeHaTa H3 Ha- POI\HOOCJio6o,n;HJia'l:Ke 6op6e jacHo je ,n;a cy >KeHe JyrocnaBHje jorrr y TOKY pa:Ta OCTB'!pHJie CBojy IIOJII1TH'l:KYH rpa'lja:HCKY paBHOIIp'!BHOCT. . . AKTHBHO yqerrrfie :lKeHa y CBI1M o6JIJ11.\HMR 6op6e, :lKJ?TBe Koje cy >KeHe ,n;aJie y TDKY pa:Ta,_ Ihi1XOB ;xePO':f3aM, yqerrrlie y pa1-1y opraHa HapOI\He BJIRCT>1,,pa35HJRJIO Je H3 11rura y 1\RH CTapa CXBa:Talba 0 !VlalbOj BJ?€1\HOCTH :lKeHe ." Y'l:BPCTHJIO cxBa:Talhe ,n;a >KeHa y _HOBOM I-IPYIIITBy, 3a KOJe :cy ce Hapo,liM Jyroci:raBHje 6op11JIH, Mapa 6HTH paBHorrpa-. ~aH 'tfJiaH sajep;HliHJ;e, jep ce 11. oaa_rrop; HCTHM Y_CJIOBHMa It l1CTJ1M TeiiiKOhaMa 6opHJia 3a HaiJ;J10HaJIHY_ He3aBJ1CHO~T <!B:oje 3eMJb€, . 38.. CJI060)\y >1 paBHOIIpaBHe 01\HOCe Meljy .JbYI\HMa. . �II 2KEHA Y <I>E,Il;EPATMBHOJ HAPO,IJ;HOJ PEIIYB.UMI(M . · .. . JYrOC.UABMJM 1. IIPABHI1 IIOJIO:lKAJ Ynora :lKerre y HapO/IHOocno6oAnJia'!Koj GopGn Gnna je OCHOH 3a . . HOpMHpa>loe paBHOnpaBHOCTH :lKeHe y YcTaBy >< ocTaJIMM 3aKoHHMa <I>HPJ. Y '<Jiarry 24 YcTaBa <I>HPJ Ka:lKe ce: ,2Kerre cy paBrronpaBrre c MyniKapQHMa y CBHM oGnacTHMa IIP>KaBrror, npnspe,I(Hor Iii ,ll;pyniTB€HD-IIOJIJiiTW!KOP 2Kffi30Ta." CamacHo OBDM ycraBHOM ITP>IH!.1miY y 3aKOHHMa KOjH cy /10!.1HHje /IOHeTH, OBO Ha'ieJIO /IOCJie/IHO je CITpOBe/leHO. TaKo >KeHe KOje cy HaBprnHne 18. rDAHHa crapocTH HMajy .npaBo 11a G>!pajy >< 11a Gy11y G>!parre y cBe oprarre Happ,z(rre .sJiacTM, Kao J1 y opraHe· pa)J;u:vrqKor. :H ,IQJYIUTBeHor caMo.ynpaBJ:baH>a. 2Kerre MOry BpillHTH CBe jaBHe <i>YHKQHje II0)1 >ICTHM YCJIOB>!Ma KaO H MYillKapQH. .. JilaKO Y JyrocJiaBHjH jorn HHje )10HeT HOB>! rpaljaHCKH KO/IeKc, rra ocrroBy 7CTaBHe 0,11pe,116e o paBHonpaBHOCTH :lKeHe M MyrnKaplja, cy,!(OBH Kp03 CBOjy rrpaKCY cnpOBO,!(e npmiQmi IIOTIIyHe. paBHOIIpaBHOCTH :lKeHe y CBHM IIpHBaT1Io.rtuTU'l£Ka u tpa!}au- C1Ca npaaa HO-IIpaBHHM O)J;HOCHMa. . 2KeHa MO:lKe OHTH CTapaTeJb >1 BprnHTH cBa 11pyra · rrpaBa y oGnacTH cTapareJbCTBa. 2KerrcKa 11e11a cy nomyrro l%!3jeAHa'!erra ca MYillKDM lleljOM y norJieAy rrac.J):el)HBalba. y npaKCH CY/IOBa ycBO" j erro j e npaBHJID 11a j e :lKeHa paBrronpaBHH rracne,n;HHK ca 1\el.joM KaO .I%! GpalioM H cecTpaMa yMpnor cynpyra. 3a ITOJIO:lKaj :lKeHe Ba:lKHe cy Oj~pe)10e 0 HCTpaJKHBaH>y O'!MHCTBa. Majlj>! Koja MMa Barr6pa'<HD )jeTe o6e36eljeHo je npaBo 11a rrpe11 cy)1oM /IOKa3yje O'<HHCTBO )1eTeTa. YTBpljerrH OTalj >!Ma npeMa BaHOpa'!HOM lleTeTy HCTe OOaBe3e Kao M npeMa. Gpa'!HOj 11e11><. li13 ycTaBHe Oi1Pe116e 11a ,p0/1>1TeJbH MMajy npeMa 11e11>< poljeHoj BaH GpaKa HCTe. o6aBe3e >! i1YJKHOCTH KaO >! npeMa opa'!HOj )1elj>!" ('IJI. -26 CTaB 5), u;,eJIOKYITHO ,IJ;OIJ;,HMj_e 3aKOHO,IJ;aBCTBO, a HapoqJ1TO COII;M- jaJIHO, o6e315e)1HJID je ,11e11H • poljeHoj BaH GpaKa HCTH npaBHH rronoJKaj Kao H )1e!.1H poljeHoj y 15paKy. CBa rrpaBa KOja.p0)1HTeJbH HMajy 1%!3 pa)1HOT OIIHOCa (COljHjaJIHO OCHrypaH>e, rreH3Hje, )1D)1aTaK Ha 11e11y 1%! T. en.) 3a 11e11y poljeHy y 15paKy rrpnna,z(ajy n 3a ,11e11y pol)eHy BaH 6paKa . YcTaB <I>HPJ rroce6Ho je rapaHTo- Padnu oOuocu u co~u­ jaJ1-na 3atuTuia -"tajKe u OeTeTa sao paBHOrrpaBHOCT JKeHe pap;Hli!Ue 1%! c.Jiy:>K6err1111e. Y '!Jiarry 24 cTaB 2 YcTaBa CTDjH: ,3a je)1HaK pa11 >KeHe HMajy rrpaBo il:a je)1HaKy IIJiaTY Kao 11 MyrnKapL\11 H y>KHBajy rroce6Hy 3aUITI1TY y pa)1HDM 0)1Hocy. MeTa TaKo Y CTaB 1%!3p>!'!J<TO 0,11peljyje )1a /lp:lKaBa HapO'IJ<TO illTI1TI< J1HTepec_e MaTepe Jii p;eTeTa OCHHBa:EbeM p;eqjHX ycTaHOBa u ,n;asaH>eM npasa MajKaMa Ha rrnaheao oTcycTso npe H Y ispaKy j e :lKerra nO"Tnyrro paBrronpaBrra. ·Orra Mo>Ke · 3a/lp:lKaTn cBoje )1eBoja'<KO· rrpe3H:M:e, a· 3aKOH o GpaKy irpeiiBHlja M MoryliHOCT 11a MY:lK /ID/Ia CBOMe rrpe3IDI!eHy :lKeHMHO npe3IDI!e. 2Kerra pacnonaJKe 11enoM MMoBrme Koj n j e ynena y OpaK >! paBHOnpaBHO ynpaBJ:ba OHOM MMOBMHOM Kojy je ca My>KeM 3aje/IHO cTeKJia y GpaKy. Y cny'<ajy pa3BDII1\ GpaKa, >KeHI%! np11:na11a H>eHa 1%! 11eo 3aje/IHH'<KH cTe'!eH:e HMoBmre. 2Kerra 3ajeAHD ca My>KeM o)1ny'<yje o 3aje/IHI%l'<Bpa1< u nopoou-.;a KOM MeCTY CTaHOBaaa 11: 0 BaCIIV:ITaFhy 11 ITO,ll;l138IbY p;en;e, rro,n;je/IHaKo owoBapa 3a o6aBe3e rracTane y GpaKy. BpaK He rrpeTCTaBJ:ba HI%!KaKBO orparrH'!eH>e H>eHI1X rpal)arrcKHX rrpaBa. '10 rrocnenopoljaja." (YcraB, '<JiaH 24 cTaB 3.) · Pa3paljyjyliH oBe ycTaBHe o,11pe,116e, Hallie .rro311THBHD pa/IHO 3aKOHO)IaBCTBO npy:lKa :crrelj>!jaJIHY 3aUITHTY JKeHaMa y pa/IHOM O/IHOcy, a rroce5no TPYi1HHM >KenaMa 1< MajKaMa ;z:~;ojHJhaMa. Csa osa rrpa.Ba :m:eHe y noTnyHoCTM KOp11cTe, a Hama co:u;:vrjaJIHCTJ1qKa 3ajep;HMu;a o,n;Baja 3HaTHa MaTep><jaJIHa cpe/1CTBa 11a 611 o6e30e/IHJia H>>IXOBO KOp>!UIIieH>e. * * Y 1951 ro,n;. o,n; yeynHii.IX pacxo.u;a con;HjaJiaor: ocHrypaFba 6,6% Ha IIOpO,lJ;J1JbCKa -OTCYCTB8, IIOTIIOpe 3a ~~~~.:CC OTIIa,n;a.no je HOBopoljeHe .z(en;e, rrOMollli rropo,n;nu;aMa ca BHIIIe ,u;en;e jaqaHy JtiCXpaHy MajKe J1 HOBOpo}jeHOr _p;eTeTa, am1 TO JieKa He o6yxBaTa cBa MaTepY.Ijanaa . cpe,n;cTBa Koja 38IIITMTY. MajKe ·H ,n;eTeTa. · ) . �Cse :>!{eae y P<'.l\HOM ot~aoey.y <I>HPJ :nMajy rrpaso aa TpOMeee'!HO IIOpO,liHJbeKO OTeyeTBO ~ meeT He,lle.Jba rrpe H meeT He,lle.Jba rroeJie rropo'\)aja, e Tl<!M .z~a je KOpHrnhe!he OBOr OTeyeTBI), 21 ,1\aH rrpe rtopo'\)aja o6aBe3HO. 3a BpeMe rropO,liHJbeKor 6oJioBa!ha }Keaa, y3 yeJIOB .z~a HMa aerrpeKH,l\HH pa,11~11 e"'a}K 0,1\.IIIeeT MeeeljH y je,liHOj ro,liHHH, HJIH 14 Meee1111 ea rrpeKH,ll:nMa -sa ,1\Be ro.z~rme, rrp:nMa aa TepeT. eol1HJaJIHor ocHrypa!ha rryHH H3Hoc esojHx ·Mece'!HHX rrpHaa.z~Jie}KHOeTI1 ca CBHM ,1\0,llaljHMa. Y3 TO MajljH ,1\0jH.JbH MOpa ce aa IheH 3aXTeB o.z~o6pi1TH KOp><rnhe!he rO,liHIIIIher O,liMOpa O,liMaX IIOeJie IIOpO,liHJbCKOP 60JIOBa!ha 'l'py.z~aHIIe rroeJie 'leTHpH Meeelja aasprne~e TPY.ziHOhe H. MaJKe ,1\0JH.lbe Ca ,1\eTeTOM 0,11 6 AO 8 MeCeljH eTapoeTI1 :nMaJy rrpaso, .z~a aa, ocaosy JieKapeKor ysepe!ha, rrpe'\)y aa JiaKIII11 rrocao, a 3apa.z~y rrpmi<ajy Kao .z~a cy aa eBOM pe.z~os­ HOM IIOCJ1y. 3a6pa!heH J.1M je HOfiHH .H rrpeKOBpeMeHH pal\, 3a6palheHO J.1M Je Bpiiie!he 01\peljeHHX IIOCJIOBa H He MOry ee ca IIOCJia OTIIYCTI1T11, OCJ.fM y CJiyqajy 113Bpiiie!ha Kpi1BJfT-IHOr ,qeJia. c J1 paBHOrrpaBHOCTH ,qeTeTa. CBe ,ll;OK OHO .He ·aaBpmM 3 rOp;MHe aKO TO l13Y38THO rrp11JIHKe 3axTesajy. T:nM MajxaMa rrp><rra.z~a 3a speMe pa11a Ca. CKpafieHHM pai\HHM BpeMeHOM, 3apa.z~a 3a CTBapHO o6aBJbeHJ1 pa.z~, .z\OK csa ocTaJia rrpasa H3 pai\HOI' O.ziHOCa (ro.z~M:­ IIIIh11 O.z\M~p, .z~o.z~aTaK Ha ,11e11y, MaTepl1jaJiao o6e36e'\)e!he HT.zl.) ocTaJy 11CTa KaQ 11a MaJKa pa,1111 rryao•pa.z~ao speMe. IlpaBO IIJiafieHOP OTCYCTBa 01\ 15 ,llaHa KOje CBaKH OCHrypaHM:K HMa 3a Herosa:a,e 5oJiecHor 'tfJiaHa nopo,l\~e, aajqernhe KOPHCTe JKeHe 3a aery 11eqe. 6e3 .,orraeHOCTH ,lla I1pH .TOMe CTpa.z~a !heH.a 611oJiornKa 11 .ziPYIIITBeHa <J?YHKIIHj a palja!ha H owaja!ha HOB11X re!Iepaq11ja. 06311pOM Ha Harne MaTep11j:i.JIH:e yCJ:rose, He,ii;ocTaT~K os.aKBe_samTHTe saaTao_ 6~ oTe·.>Kao · :a<eHaMa pa.z~BaH Kyhe. Harne .z~oea.z~aiiiihe HCKYCTBO iroKa3aJio je .z~a je Y ycJioBMMa- €KOHOMCK€ l:f T8XHl1't!K8 3aOCTaJIOCTJ1 H80IIXO)J;Ha IDTO IIn1pa saKoHcKa 3aiDTHTa JKeH€ .. Pa3Bl1TaK HHp;ycTpHje 11,. yrrope.z~o e T:nM, pa3BHTaK Mpe_:a<e 1\e'IjHX 11 .z~pyrHX ycTa-. HOBa eTBOpHfie ycJIOBe ,11a .ziPYIIITBO TY 3aiiiTHTY Bpiii11 Ha ,11pym Ha'li1H. Y 3aKOHY 0 COljHjaJIHOM OeHrypaH>y pa,liH11Ka J1 CJiyJK6eHHKa '11 IhHXOBHX IIOpO,liHlja 113 1950 PO,liHHe IIOCTOJH aeKOJIHKO OI\Pe11a6a Koie rroee6ao · 6eaed:>I1LIHPaiy :a<eay KO.zl o.z~pelji1Balha !heHor npaila Ha cTapocHy rreH311jy! Kao. H KO)\ o.z~peljHBa!ha rrpaBa Ha IIOPOI\11'IHY rreH3HJY KOJa JOJ npHIIa,D;a TIOCJI€ CMpTM MyJKa. . · MajKa .z~ojHJba ,110 6 o.z~aocao 8 Meeeq11 rrocJie rropoljaja MO}Ke pa.z111711 .'<eTI1pl1 eaTa ,1\HeBHO (Jf3y3eTHO 11 TpM) ea 3apa.z10M KOJ a JOJ rrpHrra.z~a 3a nyao pa.z~ao speMe. )l;eo 3a- . pa.z~e 3a speMe Koje MajKa rrpose.z~e aa rroeJiy HerrJiahyje rrpe,lly3ehe, a OCTaTaK HCIIJiahyje COijl1jaJIHO OCI1Pypaae. KopHrnhe!he CKpaheaor pa.z~aor BpeMeHa MO}Ke ce · ,li03BOJII1TI1 .H MajKaMa y pa,liHOM 0,1\HOCy y IjMJbY HeroBa!ha CBHM JKeHaMa sa5paaeao· j TOM" M y KPHBI1'IHOM rrpasy, Kao H3Bp3amTuTa .uajKe u OeTeTa Y 'ICPUBU'lL'lwJt· npa~y IIIHJiau; KpYIBMqHor p;eJia, :iK.eHa je 3aiiiTHheHa. EpeM8HJ1Toj JKeHH He MO>Ke ce 113pefiH. CMpTHa· Ka3Ha. 3a BpeMe IIOCJie,lllha Tp11 Meceqa TPY.ziHOhe 11 rrocJie rropo'\)aja ,110 HaBpiiieHe Je.z~ae f0,ll;l1H8 CTapOCTlif ~€T€Ta, :»C8H€ J13,ZW:»CaBajy Ka3HY 3aTBOpa· H eTporor 3aTBOpa y 3aiiiTJ1THOM' 1\0My oeyljeHI1Qa IIOp01\HJba, r.z~e 11Majy CBe ycJIOBe 3a HOpMaJiaH 01\POJ ,11eqe. Tpy,liHMl1e Mopajy 611TI1 rlo.z~ aa.z~3opo-; JieKapa 3a speMe /\OK ce aaJia3e y 3aiiiTHTHOM 1\0MY. MaJKaMa ce Mapa rrpy>KHTI1 MoryhHOCT .z~a caMe Heryjy csojy 1\eiiY· Kao IIITO cy 113je,liHa'IeHe y npaBI1Ma, >KeHe Y .<PI_J:PJ cy 11 y o6ase3aMa rrpeMa .ziPYIIITBeHOJ 3aJe!IHMI..V1, H y TOM IIOrJie,IJ,y Harne II03J:1Tli:IBHO 3RK!OHO,n;aBCTBO ae npaBl1 HHKaKBY pa3JII1KY• H3Meljy MYIIIKaplja H :a<eHe. H3je.z~Ha<Ieae e sarromJ.OaBaf:be aa rrocJio2. :lKEHA ¥ QBHOBli HAillE 3EMJbE BHMa IliTeTHMM ITO 3,Zl;paBJbe l1 M3Y38THO Tei.IIKVIM ¢M3JPIKJ1M IIOCJIOBM:Ma. HapOI\11 J yrocJiaBHj e cy y TOKY Hapop;HOOCJI060!IMJ1a'!Ke 6op6e H3- OsaKso 3aiUTJ1THO 3aKOHo,n;ascTBo 3a JKeae op;pa:m:asa cxsaTa:EBe aarne cou;Mja.rn1CTVft:IRe 3aje,n;HHIJ;e p;a je sana:.. eJie!he JKeHe BaH Kyhe aeorrxo,liHa .ziPYIIITBeHa HYJKHoeT BojeB3.JIH pa,n;M CTI1I.:(alba lp8He 8KOHOMCKe CaMOCTaJIHOCTJ.1, na npe~m .ziPYIIITBeHH .e><cTeM "' eTBOpHJIH aosy Hapo,liHy BJiaeT. 12 06uoea npuepeoe CBcijy HaiJ;MOHaJIHy' H€3aBHCJ:I.QCT, cpymMJIM CTapH 13c �' · YcJIOBH, Y K_ojHMa je no ocJioooljelby, 1945 ro):IHHe rroqeo ,liB ce ·pa3BHJa HOBH CO!jHjaJIHCTH'fKl%1 APYIIITBeHH cHCTeM, oHJIH. cy H3BaHpe):IHo TeiiiKH. J yrocJiaBHj a j e . 6HJia rrpe paT a,. H rrop,e):l Tora IIITo je pacrroJiaraJia aeJIHKHM rrpHpo.ztHHM 6oraTCTBHMa, 3eMJ:ba ca Hepa3BHj.eHoM· MHAYCTpHjoM, 3aOCTBJIOM IIOJ:bOIIpHBpe):IOM, Ha HHCKOM KyJITYPHOM HHBDY c HHSKHM >KHBOTHHM CTBH,!Iap):IDM y O):IHOcy Ha pa3BHjene KarrHTaJI':"CTH'fKe 3eMJ:be y Espoim. ':leTBOporo):IHIIIlbl%1 paT Ha Ha.IIIOJ TepHTOpHjH KOjH je rrpOy3pDKDBaO BeJIHKa pa3apalba HIIYCTOIIIelba, H IIJ:ba'fKa 0,!1 CTpBHe OKyrraTOpa jOIII BHIIIe cy HOOIIITpHJIH TeiiiKOfie :r:Ipe/1 KOjHMa Ce HBIIIJia naiiia noaa napO,!IHa BJiacT .. llpo!jec ooHOBe rrpHspe/le oHo je cTora ocHOBHH 3a!laTaK Y rrepHO,!IY IIOCJie ,OCJI06oljelba, H OH ce O,!IBHjao ynope,!IO C OOpOOM, 3a CTBapalbe H yqspiiilielbe CO!jHjaJIHCTl%!'fKOr CeKTOpa IIpHBpe/le .rryTeM KOH<fJHCKaljHj e HMOBHHe paTHHX !ID6HTHHKa H c~pa/IHHKa oKyrraTopa, arpapne pe<flopMe, HaljHDHaJIH3aljl%!Je CBHX PYAHHKa, ¢a6pHKa, rrpe/ly3elia H TpaHCIIOPTHHX cpe/ICTaBa. Eop6a 3a o6HoBy 3eMJbe OHJia je HcToBpeME!HO H 6op6a 3a HOB€ JWYIIITB€He O)J;HOCe, 3a HOB COI.J;MjaJIJi1CTJ.:[qKJ1 rro_I)e- /IBK H. ITO TOMe je Ta 6op6a ):I06HJia H3pa3WI'O IIOJIHTH'fKH KapaKTep. 113 TJirx pa3Jiora HeMoryliHo je roaopHTH o rroJin- · TM'tfKOJ 8KTJ1BHOCTl1 2K€Ha JyrocJ:ra:i3J1je, a H€ OCBpHyTJ1 Ce Ha lbHXDBY yJiory y o6HOBH Haiiier rrpHBPe/IHOr, IIPYIIITBeHOr H KYJITypHor >KHBoTa. AHTH<flaiiiHCTl%!'fKH <flpoHT Ri:eHa O/lp>Kao je csoj rrpaH . KoHrpec Herrocpe/IHO rrocJie ocJio6oljelba 3eMJ:be, 19 jyHa. 1945 rO/IHHe, J1 II03BaO CBe >KeHe JyrOCJiaBHje /IB BKTJ1BHO yqeCTByjy y 06HOBH 3eMJ:be, 11a rrpy>Ke CBojy IIOMOfi opra- · HHMa Hapo/IHe BJiaCTH' y ·opraHH30Balby rrpnspe/IHOr H APYIIITBenor >KHBOTa, y peiiiaBalby COijHjanmrx IIHTaH>a, noce6ao IIJ1Ta:a,a 3amTMTe M 36J?HffiaBaaa paTae cMpo"tia,rru, KBO J1 Y OpraHH:lOBaH>y H OTBapaH>y IIIKOJia. . M3BpiiiaaajyliH ose 3a):laTKe, >KeHe y'lecTsyjy rroAje,!IHaKO Kao H MyiiiKapljl%1 y CBHM pa/I(}BHMa na o6nasJ:baH>y ¢a6pHKa, Ha paiii'fHIIIliaaaH>y pyiiieBHHa, orrpasJbaH>y JKeJie3HJ:ft!KJ1X npyra a ~ecTa, J13rpa,n.aM rrorra.u,eal1X ceJia, ce'!H IIIyMe, o6paJ:1H HarryiiiTeHe 3eMJbe .. Y HH3Y Kpaj esa, HapoqJ1TO· y Bocaa M Xep:qeroBHHn, )!{€He cy QaJie rJiaBHa, a qecTo H je,n;MHa pq,n:aa caara Ha rr0,n;H3alby· rrorraJDeHHX Kylia. 14 3aXBaJ:byjyim 3aje/IHH'liillM nanopHMa HaiiiHX pa,!IHHX JbY/IH, y TOKy.1945 l%1 1946 rO/IHHe HajBefiH opoj <flaopHKa H PYAHHKa, >KeJie3HH'!KHX. rrpyra H IjecTa 6110 j e o6HOBJbeH. ITo.n;aTBKa o 6pojy 3ancicJienor ocooJba, na npeMa Toll'ie H JKeHa, H3 Tor nep>tO/Ia neMa. HH3 o6HOBJ:beHHX rrpe,!ly3elia y TO BpeMe pa/IHO j e CMaH>eHHM KarraljHTeTOM H CMalbeHHM opojeM pa):IID!Ka, TaKO /Ia je opoj YKYIIHO 3BITOCJieHOr oco6J:ba, rra npeMa TOMe H JKeHa, y npe,!ly3eliHMa OHO aepoBaTHO H€T1J.€ Ha npe.n;paTHOII:f, H~Oy J1JIYI "t!aK MCIIO)J; aera. 0 TOMe rosope IIO/Ial1H o 6pojy pa/IHHKa 1947 rO/IHHe, npse ro,n;vrne· IleTorop;J1IIIH>er n.rraHa, Koju je 6Jm HemTO MaJio· BefiH 0,!1 opoj a 3aiiOCJieHJ1X pa):IHHKa y 1939 rO/IHHH. ITo ocJioooljeH>y 3aTe'!eHo je rrpeKo 280.000 11et:~e paTHe CHpO'!a/IH oe3 je/IHOr HJIH. o6a po.z~>~TeJ:ba. BeliHHY 11et:~e TpeoaJio je CMe- ' Bpuza o Oe~u CTJ1TH y )J;OMOBe li!JIJ1 KO)J; CTapaTeJba. J OIII y TDKY paTa Hapo/IHH Oi16op>~, a Hapo'!HTO opra~ HH3aljHje >Kena, opraH>t30BaJm cy Ha ocJio6oljeHoj TepnTopHjlit /IOMOBe H rrpMXBaTHJr>IIIITa 3B paTHY CHpOT.Ia/1. Y, TOKy 1945 T0!'1l1He OTBOpeHO je OKO 350 /IOMOBB (/le'IjHX, 3a cpe/1H>OIIIKOJI!je, y'!eH>~Ke y np!"BPeiiH), 122 o6):1aHHIIITa, 12 ·onopaBHJrniiiTa .Y:I JI€TOBaJIJ1IIITa. Ka11a ce Y3Me y o63Hp 11a je y TDKY paTa ynHIIITeHo' H OIIITefieHO OKO 77% /IOMOBa KOjHX y OHBIIIOj JyrocJtaB>tjH ·11 OHaKO HMje 6l%IJIO ·MHOro, ·oR,n;a' ce MO}K€ HaCJIYTMTJi! KaKBy je rewxoliy npeTcTaBJ:bao ·cMeiiiTaj H 36pHH>aBaH>e 11e11e . Y ycTaHOBaMa /le'!je 3BIIITJ1Te, KOje cy HBj'!eiiifie CMeIIITaHe y npHBaTHe cTaH6eHe 3rpa11e, HHje OHJtO HH Haj 7 OCHOBHJifjer II0Tpe6Hor_ J1HB€Hiapa, HMTlif Ce OH y TO BpeMe Mora a H.a6aBMTJ1. HMj e 611JI0 HH ,:n;osoJbHO CTPY't!HOr H BaCIIl1THor Ka,n;pa, _ K_ao HM rroMohHor oco6Jba 3a pa,z:r y ,IJ;OMo- BHM;a. McxpaHa _y ,ZI.OMOBHMa: 611Jia' je ·caMo ,n;eJIHMM't!HO o6e35eljena. OpraHH3aljHje A<P:tK rrpey3eJte cy 6p>try oxo 11e'IjHX /IOMOBa H IIPYrHX ycraHOBa, " XlfJba/le '!JiaHMI(a A<P:tK Ha/IOKHaljHBaJto je csojHM pa/IOM H cai<yrrJbaH>eM !I06poBOJbHHX npH.rrora oHo ·uiTo Ce H3 ,n;pyiiiTBeHHX cpe,n;cTasa HHje MOrJIO OOe36e/IHTk Kylia CB€ illTO je MOTJIO 2KeHe cy /IDHOCHJie l13 CBOjHX ITOCJiy2Kl1TJ1 I10ITYHJ1 HHB€HTapa, . Jt>tlliaBajyfiH '!eCTO CBojy IIOp0/IHI1Y H CBojy ):leljy cpe/1 ;$- \l.'llt~~;d\ cTaBa Koja cy H>HMa oHJta noTpe6Ha. ,[(oopoaoJbHHM np ;:;'~\1-~t~ !!! , "S>.... \ / :! -~"' ,_, -~_..;,· �'JI03HMa >Kene cy o6e3oe,q>i'JI<i ,qeqjiD,: ,qoBO"!>He ·K0.1JWIMH:e IIOCT€Jbli:IHe_, Op;eh.e H p;0B0JbHe KOJIMqMHe naM>!pHW11a. One cy, rrope,q Tora, o6pal:jY!Ba.rre 'rroee6B:e' eKoiioM11je Koje cy c.rry:ilnr.rre 3a c:H:a6,qetial'be ,qoc MOBa HaMY!pHY!ljaMa. Ha ,qo6poBOJbHoj ocii:oilu· :>KeHe cy ,qe:>Kypa.rre y ,[IOMOBHMa Y! rrp>p<BaTY!IDIIIITHMa, IIpMnpeMa,Jie xpafiy, '<Y!CTY!.rre M ypel:jY!Ba.rre rrpocTopuje, a aeoMa qecTo o6aBJba.rre " ,qy>K'HOCTY! aacrruTaqa. 3axBaJDyjylm HarropHMa }KeHa, p;OMOBH ~y, 11 rrope,n; Tara mTo cy y aajsJ1Ille ccyqaj eBa 6uJU1 nMrrpoBY!3npaHY!, 6Y!.rrY! ,qo6po orrpeMJbeHn Y! yCJIOBY! :lKY!BOTa ,qelje y IbHMa 6Y!JIY! cy ITOBOJbHY!. JKeHe cy ce rrpeMa .n;e11u OAHOCY!.rre ca rryHo rra:>Kl'be " 6pure. Ha. TOM rroc.rry mi.n;je,qHaKo cy yqecT!lO!la.rre ceJbaHKe, pa,qHY!lje, .MHT€JI€KTya.rrKe Y! AOMafiY!lje. OpraHY!3al1J'<i <;. AHTmpaiiiY!CTY!'<Kor ¢poHTa :>KeHa rrpy.>KY!.rre Cy HapO'fY!TO ITOMOfi OpraHY!Ma napo,qHe BJiaCTY! y o,qa6Hpal'by " Ol\pel:juBal'by cTapaTeJb'l 3a oey .n;e11y Koja ID1CY MOr.rra 6Y!TY! CM€Il!T€Ha y AOMOBe, a B€JIY!KY! 6poj NceHa ITpMXBaTJi::IO ce ~Y1KHOCTM CTapaTe.JPa. Be3 upeTepnBal'ba MO>Ke ce pehn ,qa cy 3a,qaTaK 36pY!IbaBaiba paTHe cupoqa,qil Herrocpe,qHo rroc.rre paTa Y!3Bpnnr.rre yr.rra.BHOM :1KeHe, HaJia3ehn HaqJ1Ha ,n;a ,n;e~M, cMeIIITeHoj y ,[IOMOBHMa Y! OHOj K0/1 CTapa,TeJba, o6e36e)1e CBe IIITO je 6Y!JIO Hy:lKHO 3a IbHXOB HOpMa.JiaH pa3BOj. 'Y TOKY 19~6 romme, 3axBaJbyjyhu HarropHMa 3)1paBCTBeHor oco6Jba " rroce6Hoj 6pw3w :>KeHa, .n;e11a cy Y!3JTe'feHa op; pa3HY!X o5oJDel'ba, y5Jia>KeHe cy rrocJTe)1I1Ue rJTa)1oBal'ba y TOKY paTa, i10K je )1eJ:1M o5oJTeJToj o,q TY6epeyJTo3e oMoryheno Jieqe:E:J.:,e y 6oJIHMl(aMa: npocaer-ua nu'l'a1-ba 6JieMa, HapO"IMTO -Y BeJTWKY rroMoh opraHwMa ua,po)1ne BJTacTiil rrpy:>Kiil.rre cy :>KeHe y peIIIaBal'by p;pyrlilX COljlfj a.JIHHX IIp0TIJ1Talbl1M<;l IIOMOfi~ )KpTBa~a paTa, paTHJ1M BOjHYIM MHBa'Jil1;D;HMa, :8ojHJ1M 60JIHJ1IJ;a.Ma ¥ H€3l1 paibeHY!Ka. Ha 6a3n )1o6poBOJbHOr pa,qa, >Ke,He cy rroMaraJie y o6pap;Y! 3€MJbe rropop;wljaMa xoje cy ocTa.Jif'. 5e3 ,qoBOJbHO pa,qne cnare, uapo'<HTO BOjHY!M Y!HBaJIH,D;MMa. Y·1944-1945 rop;Y!Hif one cy ,qa.rre 3HaTaH ,qorrplilHOC· y opraHW30Bal'by BOjHMX 60JIHHlja . M CBOjHM ,qo5pOBOJbHID!i rrplil.JI031'1Ma y !IOCTeJbMHiil Y! HaMY!pHHljaMa KaO '1'1 CBC>jY!M ,qo6pOBOJbHfuM 16 HlilCa:Ebe. ,l\o6pOBOJI;HY!M pa,qOBY!Ma Ha .OrrpaBKaMa Y! II0)1Y!3al'by IIIKOJia, Ha IhHXOBOM o,n;p2Ka.BaFby, :m::eHe cy ,n;onpl1HeJie ,n;a IIIKOJie OTrroquy ca pa,qoM. 2Kene cy ,qaBaJie " .zio6poBOJbHe rrpu.rrore y HaMeiiiTajy, p;a 6u ce KaKO-TaKo o6e36ep;Mo IIIKOJiaMa HajHy:lKHY!jY! Y!BB€HTap KOjH je y TOKy paTa YHY!IIIT€H. 3. :lKEHA Y .M3rPA)l;lbM PaOnu~a Y-x:Jby~-a.Ba'lbe J~Cena y npuapedy ITo 3aBpiiieTxy rrepno);la o6noBe, anpHJia 1947 fO,[IMHe ,1l;OH€T je 3aKOH o lleToro,n;:m.InDeM JIJiaHy pa3- BHTKa Hapo,qHe rrpnepep;e Jyroc.rraBuje, xoju je npeTCTaB- Jbao nporpaM pa3BY!TKa ua,qycTpY!je H ilcToBpeMeHor rro,qH3al'ba MaTepuja.JIHor "' KYJTTypnor HY!BOa Hapo)1a. ro,qY!H€ 1948 3eMJbe McTO'fHe EBporre Ha qecy ca CoBjeTcimM CaBe30M npe,qy3HMajy npeMa HaiiiOj 3€MJbM Mepe eKOHOMCK€ 6JioKap;e, yrpo:m:a~ajy Harny: He3aBMCHOCT, ycJie,n; '!era ce Hallia npJ:i::Bpe,n:;i HaiiiJia rrpe,n; HOBHM T€IIIKOfiaMa, KOje -~MO MOpaJIJif CaBJialjl'l;BaTJf COIICTB€HJ1'M CHaraMa Y3 BaHpe,n;He Earrope n JIHIIIaBal'ba HaiiiHx pa,n;HMX JDYA"· 06HM H3rpa,q><.e B€JTHKMX Y!BAYCTpHCKHX o6jeKaTa, rroTpe6a rroja':IaHe eKcrrJioaTall;Iilje myMa pa,n;H H3B03a, no- aehaH>e Tpaacrrop1'a, .rroBehaibe npou3B0)1llie y PYi1HY!l1HMa yrJI>a H py;n:HMD;HMa o6ojeHMX MeTa.rra, H3MCKMB.aJIJ1 cy· 3HaTHO rroEehaFDe 6poja sarroc.rreHMX pa;n:HMKa. BMmKOBJ1 pa,n;He cHare Koja ce perpyToBa.rra ca ceJia, 6J1JIH cy Ml1HlilMaJIHH, c-' 06311pOM Ha 3a:OCTaJIOCT IIOJbOIIpliiBpep;He IIp0l1.3BO)J;H:,"e yoiiiiiTe, B€JIMKY 3anyiiiT€HOCT 3€MJhOpa,n;HJ:rqKJ1X rroce,qa KOjY! ce y TOKY paTa HY!CY HOpMa.JIHO o6pal:jMBaJIM lil 3HaTHe · ry6MTKe · ·~oJborrp:vrape.n;Hor J1HB€HTapa. Cae TO ·3axTeBaJJ'o je MHoro BY!II!e pa,qHe caare " y noJDOnpY!Bpei1"· CTora je y rrepuo,qy o,q 1949 ,qo 1950 ro,qHne jep;aa o,q OCHOBHMX npo6.rreMa npY!Bpe,qae 1'13rpap;><.e 6Ho rrpo6JieM yKJbY'IHBal'ba HOBMX ~a)l;HHKa y !IpHBpe,qy. 'Y THM rO,[IIilHaMa noja'l!aHo je l1 yKJI>Y"t!HBaFDe LK;eHa Y npHBpe,n;y, IIITO :Je 61i1JIO .TIOOJie,n;:m.:r;ai He ·CaMO lhMXOB€ €KOHOMCK€ 3ali1HTepe2 IloJioJKaj JKe,tr€ y ¢HPJ 17 �coBaHOCTM M Beli OCTBapeHMx MaTepMJaJiimx ycJIOBa sa IID1pe, YK.lhy'<e1be JKeHa y rrpon;ec rrpo113BO,ll!he, Beli, y rrpBoM pe.z~y, lh'l1xol'le CBecn< .z~a cy 11 oHe IIY:H<He .z~a Ha ce6e rrpey3MY je.z~m .z~eo TepeTa 113rpa,ll!he; YJiasaK JKeHa y !!p11Bpe,11y 6Mo je ,sHaTaH, Hap()'IMTO Y' 11H.z1YCTp11CKI1 saocTaJIMM perry6JIMKaMa, r.z~e je HarJII1 pa3BI1TaK rpa'ljeBI1HcKMX pa,liOBa, MH,llyCTpMje M py.z~apCTBa OTIIO'I€0 6arn y TMM ro,1111HaMa. 0,11 YKYIIHOr 6poja pa,!IHMKa M cJiyJK5eH11Ka sarrocneH11X y rrpi1Bpe.z1HMM rrpe.z~yselmMa y rrep1m,11y 011 1948 ,110 1953 ro,1111He rrpon;eHaT JKeHa 113H?cMo je (rrpoceK): I noJiyrO:Qe 1948 24,53 1949 25,68 1950 24,95 1951 23,26 1952 21,00 1953 20,07 ITo HapO,liHI1M perry6JIJ<KaMa rrpon;eHaT JKeHa KpeTao ce: y Cp611j11 OKO 22%, y XpBaTcKoj oKo 27%, y CJioBeHI1jJ< OKo 32 %, y BoeHM 1< Xepn;eroBmi"M oKo17%, y MaKe)l;OHI1jl1 OKO 15% I< y l(pHoj rop11 OKO 18%. Bpoj sarrocJieHI1X y rrp11Bpe,!IHMM rrpe,11y3eh11Ma H3HoCJ<O je:* "YKyiiHO 1952 I rioJiyrol}e 1953 JyH 1953 ro,n;. 1,348.163 1,359.772' 1,455;073 ' Op; Tara ~eHa 283.122 281,093 301.043' ITpeMa rro,11an;11Ma o rrpeBol)eH.y pa;11HJ<Ka KOje je H3Bprneao 1950 ro,liHHe, aajBehH' 6poj pa.z1HI1Ka YK.lhy'IeH je y 'rrpoH3BO.zllhY rrocJie 1945 ro,1111He. ITpon;eHaT pa,n;H11n;a~* Koje cy 11MaJie ,110 5 ro,1111Ha pa;11Hor cTali<a 113HOCI1o je YKYIIHO 78,31% y O,liHocy Ha yKyrraH 6poj sarrocneHJ<X pa,liHHn;a, ,!IOK. je rrpoljeHaT pa,liHHKa JIO 5 ro,!IJ<Ha pa.z~Iior CTa>!<a 113HOCI10 55,85%. *¥ 1938 rOp;HH¥f 6vm:o je YKYUHO 188.729 OCJ.:IrypaHMX 2K€H8.. (6e3 py,n:apCTBa y KOMe je l1Ha9:e 6poj JK:eHa 6110 H€3HaTaH). Y OBOM 6pojy oc~rypaHux :m:eaa o6yxBaheHa je J1 eyfiHa nocJiyra (YKYITHo 62.748 ocurypaauKa yrJiaBao:rvr JKeaa), Koja y no;u;a:... II.Ji:IMa o KpeTa:H::.y 6poja pa;o;mm::a 11 cny:m6em-rKa y npMBpe,n;HHM npep;y3elrnMa op; ocJio6ciljelba Huje yornnTe J1CKa3Y!Baaa: IIo,n;a:u;uMa IJHcy, o6yxBaheae cJiy':m:6ea:ni.t;e y npHBpe,n;HMM npe,l];y3elrnMa,- Kao HM 3arrocJieae y Tprol3HH1il. ** 18 RajBehl1 rropacT 6poja 3arrocneH11X JKeHa y o.z~Hocy Ha 1938 rO,lll<HY 3a,6eJI€:lK€H je y 11H/IYCTpHjJ1 11 py.z~apCTBy. YHyTap MH.ziYCTpJ<je HajBeliH 6poj :a<eHa 3arrocJieH je y TeKCTMJIHOj, 3aTHM y MeTaJIHOj J1H,[(YCTpHjJ1, IDI,D;yCTpMjYI ,n;pBeTa, rrpexpaHDeHOj l<H,llyCTpHjl1 11 11H/IYCTpHjH .ziYBaHa. Y o,liHocy Ha yKyrraH 6poj 3arrocneHHX pa,!IHJ<Ka y 1952 ro,!IJ<HJ<y TeKcTHJIHoj IDIWJCTPHjH 611Jio je oKo 63% JK€Ha, y MH.ziYCTp11jl1 .z~yBaHa OKo 57%, y :KyJITYPHO-con;HjaJIHoj ,n;eJiaTHOCTM H8llTO M3Ha,ZJ; 50%, ,ZJ;aKJI8 BHlli8 O,ll IIOJIOBMHe 3arroc.rreHMX y THM rpaHaMa ,n;e.rraTHOCTM. Y jyny 1953 ro,liHHe 6HJIO je 0,11 yKyrrHo 301.043 JKeHe sarrocneHo y rrpHBpe,liHHM rrpe,lly3eliJ<Ma; 222.411 pa,11H1111a 11JII1 18,9%, 11 78.632 CJiyJKOeHMD;€ 11JlJ1 28,4% y 0,11H\9CY Ha yKyiiaH 6poj 3a!IOCJI€HJ1X pa,liHHKa O,!IHOCHO CJiyJK6eHHKa. o,n; YKYIIHO Y 0):\HOCy Ha yKyrraH 6poj pa,!IHI1Ka · ..+-• '1Caa.aul"j)u1Ca'lltuja.M.a rrpeMa KBaJIM'+'J1KarzyiJ aMa, npou;eHaT )KeHa Kpelie ce: KBa.rrMc}:m:xoBaHMX OKO 8%, II0JiyKBaJrn<f>I1KOBaHI1X OKO 28% 1< Ji:eKBaJI11<f>J<KOBaHHX OKO 23%, ,!IOK je rrpon;eHaT BHCOKOKBaJIJ1<f>J<KOBaHI1X JK€Ha y 0):\HOCy Ha yKyiiaH 6poj BHCOKOKBaJIH<f>11KOBaHJ<X pa):IHJ<Ka 11CIIOA 2%. HajBeli11 6poj JKeHa 3arroPa0nu%e no . C.rreH je, ,n;aKJie, Kao HeKsa.rrMc}:n1KOBaHe HJIJ1 rro.rryKBaJIH- <f>11KOBaHe pa,!IHJ111e. HajBehH rrpon;eHaT KBanM<f>11KOBaHI1X JK€Ha pa,!IH. y .'i"eKCTHJIHOj, ,llyBaHCKOj I< rpa<lJH'IKOj l<HJIY-. CTPl1j11. Y TJ<M rpaHaMa HH.z1YCTp11j e pa,1111 BHrne 0,11 50% 0,11 yKyiiHOr 6poja KBaJII1tPJ1KOBaHI1X I1 IIOJIYKBaJIJ<<f>11KOBaHJ1X , pa,liHHn;a. Tpe6a .z~o.z~aTH ):Ia ce 1<3 rro.z~aTaKa o 6pojy y'<eHHKa y · HI1JKHM CTPY'<H11M rnKonaMa TaKol)e BH/111 ,11a je 6poj JKeHcKe ):len;e y TI1M rnKonaMa .z~aneKo Ma!hl1 OJI 6poja MYIIIKe. Y HI1JKHM CTPY'<HI1M IIIKOJiaMa * 611no j e: TO,ll.IilHa YKyrrao O.n. Tora :f"':IeHJ;1IJ;a IIpon;eHaT yqeaMua 1938/39 1949/50 1950/51 1951/52 30. X. 52 62.872 130:572 120.334 110.988 94.073 19.853 20.040 16.111 13.970 15,2 16,6 14,5 14,7 * Be3 HJ11KJ1X YM€THM"<IKJ1X lliKOJia, ,IJ;OMaffif<JKMX. M MajCTOpCKMX lllKOJia. 2* 19 �JK.eHa VIMa csora . npeMa >KeHH y 6HBIIIOj JyrocJiaBHjH. KOpeRa y 3aoc.Ta.i:ra cxsaTaaa o }KeHvr ncirolliasajy ce O't{MTO 11 ,n;aHac Ka,n;a ce pa)IH 0 KBaJIH<!>HKOBaihY HOBHX pa,!IHMKa, KO,l\ npe,1\y:3elia " npHBpe,!IHHX oprallH3anHja KOjH H36erasajy Aa rrpMMe JK€HCR;Y p;eu;y- Ha J13y"tJaBaiDe, -M KO,Il; caMMX pop;wTe.Jba y- Hci:tiMHY s·acrr:vnarba JKeHcKe ,n;eu;e ·:vr M36opy 3aHwM:ai-ba 3a iKeHcKY oMJia,n;nHy. · YxopelbeHa cxBaTalba ,o II0,!1;8JUf IIOC'JIOBa H<i ,MyniKe" l1 ,}K€HCKe'.', KOja pa3BMTKOM HH,l\YCTpHje CBe BHIIIe ry6H CBOj 3Ha'Iaj, yrw.ry Ha pO,!IMTeJhe ,11a >KeHCKY ,1\eny Hepa,n;o IIIaJhy Ha H3yqaBalbe 3aHaTa KOjH ce CMaTpajy ,MylllKMM". Y norJie,lly 3aHMMalba Koje >KeHe o6aBJhajy, HHTepecaHTHO j e HanoMeHyTH ,n;a OA yKynHo oKo 600 3aHMMalba, KOJIMKO HX je 3a6eJie>KeHO KO,l\ npeBOryelba pa,!IHHKa 1950 ro,n;:nHe, HMa csera. 62 3aHJtiMa!-ba- y KOjJi!Ma ce JKeHe yorrIII're He nojasJhyjy. To cy yrJiaBHOM 3aHHMalba Koja H3McKyjy Befiy ¢H3H'IKY CHary MJIM Belie Hanope, MJIIf Cy yCJIOBM pap;a y TJ1M 3aHJ1Ma!bJifMa :V.IHa'tJ8" Te:inKH, KaO Ha-· npMMep,: MaiiiMHOBol)a, pa,n;HHK KOI\ neliM f[a >Kapelby, paAH-HK Ha · Bpy.lieM J13Jll1Baffiy, 6pO,Il;CKJf J1HCTaJiaTep, CTepeO-: THnep, 6yiiia'I 6yHapa; Mopaap H CJI. CBera cy ,n;Ba 3aHMy ~ojMMa MMa 1KeHa,- a HeMa MYIIIKapau;a. 2KeHe ce Ma:Iba HaJia3e J1 Ha 7'aKBMM 3aHJ1Ma:Ef,J.IMa MeXaHH"t!ap, MOTOpMCTa, KaO lllTO cy Maiilli1IU1CTa rrapHMX KOBR.._I, MaliH1Ha, aJiaTHH'Iap, pyKoBaJian py,n;apcKMX Maumll'a, eJieKTpo3a-. BapnBa'I. . Jib OBOra 6M ce ,n;aJIO 3aKJBY'!HTif ,n;a Beli y ,n;aHaiiilbHM ycJIOBJ1Ma, KaAa MMaMO jOlii peJiaTMBHO ]J;OCTa Hacm~l)eHJ1:X npe,lly3elia y KOjHMa HeMa M€XaHM3auHje, H Ka,n;a' ITOCTOje BeJIMKe rrpe,!\pacy,lle y O,l\Hocy Ha 3anocJiethe >KeHa y noje~· ;z:J;MHMM 3aHMMa:IbJ1Ma, IIO,I.I;€Jia Ha ,R{€HCKe" J1 "MYillK€" ITO-_ CJIOB€ y rrp0113BO,I.I;ffilil IIOCTerreHO ona;::J;a. CsaKaKO ):{a he ce pa3BJ1TKOM MO,!\epHe >lHI\YCTpHje ca M€XaHM30BaHifM npoIJ;€COM rrpol13Bo,n;:a:.e Cse BehH 6poj R{€Ha 3aiiOIIIJOaBaTJ1 Ha ITOCJIOBJ1Ma KOjlii ce y Hai11MM ,n;aHaUl~J1M YCJIOBJ1Ma CMaTpajy KaO JtiCKJbyq:(;fBO. ,,MyiiiKJ1". ITpoqeHaT 1KeHa 3arrocJieHF1X y ·npHspe,n;HMM npep;y3eliMMa o,n; 1950 paOnu~a . .. ro,!IMHe orra,11a y CBHM rpaHaMa AeJJaTHOCTM H TO y Belioj Mep>l Hero npoueHaT MYIIIKapana. 0 c.<aM<Ba>by 20 6poja _113HeheMO ITO H1;1.III~M MMIJ1Jb€I-hY HajBa1KHI1je. .-.. ~ ·, Cpe~HBa:lbe rrp~JU1Ka rroc.rre paTa_-·yTHqa.rro je Ha J13Be:f cTaH 6poJ 2KeHa ,n;a caMe Ha,rrycTe -~arroc ..'lelbe, HapoqMTO Y' . OHHM rpaHaMa npOH3BO,lllb€ KOje M3MCKyjy Belie ¢M3J4'!Ke Hanope HJJH •r,11e cy ycJIOBH pa,11a Henoro,!IHHjH: rpal)em:mapCT~o, py,n;apcTBO, myMapcTBo :vr c.rr., a r,n;e c;i ce JKeHe 3arro. ruJhaBaJie. BMIIIe 36or Tara IIITO cy xTeJie Aa ,1\0npHHecy y OI;IlliTMM HaiiOpMM'?- y li!3rpap;H:.J1 38MJb€, Hero· illTO -J1X je Ha TO ynyliHBaJia €KOHOMCKa IT0Tpe6a. Ji!Ha'Ie, 6HJIO je CJiycraJ€Ba ,n;a cy }KeHe rJie,n;aJie Ha cBoje 3arroc.rreH>e Kao Ha He- · ~TO rrpo.rra3HO. . Y H3BecHoj Mep!1 ·" Ype,n;6a o ,n;o,n;anHMa Ha ,n;eey o,n; 1951 ro,n;MHe YTifuaJia je ,n;a cy Majr<e Koje HMajy BHIIIe. ,n;e:o;e HarryiiiTaJie 3arrocJie:a,e 11 nocBeh:vma.rre ce MCKJbf"g:J1BO_ O,llrojy ,llene. IIpeMa je,!IHOj aHKeTH Kojy je Bpiii110 rJiaBHM 0,116op AHTH<PaiiiMCTH'fKor q,poHTa >KeHa 3a MaKe,n;oHHjy Y 6 npe,11y3elia y. CKonJhy y KOjMMa je 6MJIO 3arrocJieHo OKO 1.000 pap;Hifua y TOKY 1951 rO,!IMH€ HaTiyCTHJJO je CBOjeBOJhHO pa,n; 132 >KeHe. 011 Tara 71 PaAlir y,n;aje "' 61 pa,n;H Aeue. CJIH'IHe nojaBe 3arra>KeHe cy w y HH3Y ,n;pymx npe,n;y3elia.. . Y 1950 ro,n;MHM ,1\0HeT je 3aKOH 0 ynpaBJhalby ,1\p>KaBHMM np><spe,n;HMM npe,lly3eliHMa, no KaMe cy npeAy3elia npe,11aTa Ha ynpaBJha&e pa,n;HMM KOJieKTMBifMa. Bop6a npec ,n;y3elia 3a rrosehalbe peHTa6HJIHOCTH ,n;oBeJia je AO Tara Aa cy pa,n;mi KOJieKTMB>< 0,11 MOMeH'!:a npey3HMa~a npeAy3elia HacTojaJIH ,11a ce ocJio6o,n;e H3BecHor 6poja pa,n;HMKa, KOjM cy ce HaJia3MJI~ BaH rrpou,eca rrpOI13BO,D;H>e, Ha pa3Hl·ilvr .IIOMOliHMM pe1KHCKliiM ITOCJIOBJ1Ma, KaO Ca Hli!CKMM KBaJIMci:>HKaiJ)<Ija:M:a. J13 J1 OHMX pa,D;HJ1Ka TJ1X pa3JIOra 3HaTaH 6poj JKeHa, HapO"'MTO y HH}i;ycTpMjH J1 py,n;apCTBy, OTIIyIIITeH je. H3 npe,11y3elia. IIpeKo SO% >KeHa KOjMMa je OTKa3aHo n .Koje ce npHjaBJhyjy 6HpOMMa 3a nocpe,n;osalbe pa,n;a HeMa HJ1KaKBJ1X KBaJi:H<fJJt:IKaiJ;Mja. . Y py,l\apcTJ3y, IIIyMapCTBY J1 rpal)eB>lHapCTBy OTKa3HBaHO je pa,!IHMnaMa KaO ¢1f3J1'IKJ1 CJia6HjlfM. 36or nocJie,!\Hna cyiiie y 1950 H 1952 ro~HHH H He,llocTaTKa CMpOBMHa CMalbeH je 06liiM npOI13BO,ZJ;I-b€ Hapq:g:-~f():.~.:;;::··::':':"-·,.. Y IIpexpaH68HOj, T8KCTJ1JIHqj J1 je, CJie,IJ,;CTB€HO TOM€,. y Tffilf rpacfrH'Y:KOj MH,ll;YCTpyt:fr{,::::rfWtP;~; .;··,- rpaHaMa p;e.rr_aTHOCT~{/_.:M:OPa0 - '~,- ~ l ~ . 6HTH ·CMalbeH H yKynaH 6poj pa,n;HHKa --: "' MYIIIi<;ap:l,na ."'"' 21 �·. :a<eHa. 0BO CMalbelbe .YTJ1l1aJIO je rrpHJII<'UIO Ha OrriilTH npon;eHaT 'cMalbelba 6poja 3arrocJieHHX :a<eHa, jep cy noroljeHe 6aii1 oHe rpaHe HHAYCTpHje, y KOj\1Ma je HHaqe 3anocJieH HajBehH npon;eHaT :a<eHa. . Mel)yTHM, KOA cMalbHBalba 6poja pa):IHHKa y npe):ly3ehHMa, nope,z:r; OBHX Mallie BHIIIe onpaB,z:t;;;i.Hnx pa3.rrora, J13- 6HJia cy Ha noBpii1HHY cTapa cXBaTalba o :a<eHH. llojaBHJie cy ce con;HjaJIH3MY Tylje TeopHje ):Ia cy :a<eHe ,HepeHTaQHJIHH" pa):IHHl\H 360r CBOje <lJH3J1qKe KOHCTHTYl\Hje, OrrTepelieHOCTH ):\OMaliHHCTBOM H ,l(el\OM, ,l(a je lhHXOBO MeCTO y KyliH l1 cJI. TaKBa CXJ!aTalba y noje,l(HHHM npe):ly3ehHMa, na H y OHHM y KOjHMa cy :a<eHe 3anocJieHe y BelieM 6pojy, HMaJia cy npecy,l(aH yTHn;aj Ha OTITYII1Talbe Beher 6poja :a<eHa Hero MYII1Kapan;a. 0Ba nojaBa y3eJia je KOA HeKHx npe,l\y3eha Hajpy:a<HHje o6nHKe. 0TKa3HBaHo je TPYAHHn;aMa, :a<eHaMa ca ,1\enoM Koje HHCY Hl'itaJie ,l(pyrHx H3Bopa , np11xo,z:r;a, 1KeHaMa Koje cy caaecHo o6aBJbaJie caOje rroc.rrose, :vr rp;e ce HMKaKBHM o5jeKTI1BHJ1M pa3JI03J1Ma HMj~ Morao onpaB,l(aTH TaKaB nocTyrraK (TproBHHa " yrocTHTeJbCTBo, aanpHMep). ,[(a 6H ce TaKBe nojaBe cnpeqHJie, nope;u noJIYITJif9:Ke 6op6e npoTJ1B TaKsor o,z:r;noca rrpeMa }K€HM, 3a6paineHo je ,z:r;aaalbe OTI~a3a 1KeHaMa 6e3 car.rracaocTJ1 CHH- ,n;HKaJIHHX OpraHH3an;Hj a. IIopacT npoH3BOp;I:be, OTEqiaibalbe rrocJiep;vm;a cyme, Kao " Mepe, noJIHTHqKe " ):~pyre - KOj e cy rrpe):ly3eTe 3a crrpeqasalbe HeraTHBHHX rroj asa · y O):IHocy aa 3anocJieHe :a<eHe, HMaJie cy 3a rrocJief\Hl\Y ,l(a je 6poj :a<eHa 3imocneHHX y npmipe):IHHM rrpe,l(y3eliHMa rroHoBo rroqeo ,n;a pacTe, HaKO HCTOBpeMeHO y O,l(HOcy Ha yKyrraH 6poj 3atiOCJI8HHX, rrpou;eHaT yrJiaBHOM: ocTaje· HCTM, 36or Tara ruTo ce peJia·THBHO ·BHIIle nosehasa 6poj 3ti.rrocneHHX MYII1Kapana. CxBaTaiDa:, Koja cy, rrope,n; ocTa.rror, yTMD;aJia Ha cMa:H:>J.ffiaae. 5poja :a<eHa 3anocJieHHX y npwpe)\H"M npe):ly3ehHMa, H:&p"f'KaBajy ce ,l(aHac y TOMe II1TO jonr HMa npe):ly3eha KOj a ynopHO H36eraBajy rrpHMalbe :a<eHa Ha nocao rra H KBMX Ha3,a,D;HJ1X. CXBaTalba, TyljHX J1 IIIT€THJ1X _3a p;a.IbH pa3BHTax con;HjaJIHCTHqxHx APYII1TBeHl1X OJ1Hoca. To THM rrpe II1TO pa):IH!1qxa xnaca H y rrorne11y pa3Bl1j alba paBHOnpaBHHX O):IHoca H3Mel)y MYII1Kapan;a H :a<eHa Mopa O):IHrpaT!f CBOjy peBOJIYL\HOHapHy yJtory H CBOjHM rrpl1MepOM YTHn;aTH Ha OCTaJie ,1\PYIIlTBeHe CJtojeae. CeJbanxa Ji.fniJueudyaJLno z'a3iJUUCT80 llpeMa pe3ynTaTHMa ITOITHCa CTaHQBHHIIlTBB H3 1948 rO):IHHe '} JyrocJiaBMj J1 je 6J1JIO aKTJiiBHOr CTa- HOBHHIIlTBa y IIOJbOIIpHBpe):IH 7,148.739, 0):\ qera 3,179.665 MYII1Kapan;·a"' 3,969.074 :a<eHe. H3,1(p:a<aaaHo cTaHOBHHIIlTBO Y IIOJbOIIpHBpeJ1H H3HOCHJt0 je YKYITHO 3,630.528, 0/J; qera 1,809.107 MYII1Kapana H 1,821.421 :a<eHa. Bpoj HH):IHBHAYaJIHHX ra3J1HHCTaBa H3HOCH npeKO 2,000.000. llpeMa aHKeTH xojy je BOAHO AHTHcpa!I1HCT>tqKl1 <iJpoHT :a<eHa y 'npnnpeMaMa 3a IV KoHrpec, " rrope):l pa3JIHKa KOje nocToje no rroje,l(HHHM :r<pajeBHMa, :a<eHe y noJborrpHBpe,l\!1 o6aaJbajy CB€ IIOCJIOB€, rra J1 OH€ HajTeJKe. LKeHa, rrpeMa TOM€, y !IOJbOIIpHBpe):IHOj IIpOH3BO,i(lbH KaO IIpOH3BOijaq IT0/1j 8/l;HaKO y'IeCTByje x:"o " "1YII1Kapan;. MeljyTHM, " nope11 Tora JK€Ha Ha C€JIY Hli!Je. OCTBapHJia ,eKOHOMCKY paBHOrrpaBHOC'1\ xao II1TO je TO cnyqaj KOA pa):IHHn;a HJIH cny:a<6eH>rn;a. HHAHBH,l(yaJIHO BJiaCHHIIlTBO HBA 3eMJbOM xoje rrpe' OBJialjyje y !IpOH3BO;>:IHHM 0):\HOCHMB Ha CeJty onpeJ1eJbyje JOII1 yaeK 11PYII1TBeHe 0):\HOCe Ha ceny. 0Ty):l :>KeHa Ha ceJiy · .Y.K:OJI~O CaMa HHje BJiaCHJ1K - CTapemnna .,ZJ;OMafiHHCTBa: HMa 00aBe3y ;>:~a pa):IH BJIH He J1 rrpaBO ,l(a paBHOIIpaBHO yqecTByje y no,l(eJIH OCTBa);leHHX npl1Xo;>:~a. 36or Tora je OHa rrpeTe:a<HO 3aBl1CHa y rrpBOM pe):ly 0/l; M:y:a<a HJIH OD;a a 3aTMM J1 CBJ1X OCTaJU1X CTapYijHX ..q.JiaHOBa ITOpO.Jl:lilQ€. Ilpaaa KOja cy. HaiiiMM II03J1TJ1BHI1M IIpOITV!C:V,:Ma rrpH- y 0HA_a}l}(aAA<2C€ pap;J1 0 TaKBJ1M ITOCJIOB11Ma Ha KOjMMa cy Ce 3HaTa X€HJ1, JK€Ha Ha CeJiy _KOpi1CTJ1 :a<eHe Befi O):laBHO a<iJl1pMHCaJie, J/[CTO TaKO rrpeJ1y3efia H36e),',aS<tjy -;J;a•I!PHMe :a<eHCKy OMJia):lmiY Ha H3yqaaalbe, '•""'"Sai.G~y36l1jalbe OBHX rrojaBa y6y"yhe 6Hiie IIOTpe6Ha !VJHottii'J<:oil:kpeTHHja J1 ynopHHja 6op6a CBJ!X 11PYII1TBeHfjj{O\>jpFam<3l!!L\>!j"8:, y npaoM pe11y Cl1H;>:IHKaJIHHX, Kao 11 . ynl3j'lfu'.i£l'feillfutlii"!KH pa):l 3a npeBacrmTalbe HOCHJian;a .Ta- (Hapoq>rTO H3 ooJtaCTH HaCJteAHor H rropO,liH'IHOr rrpaaa) Hero lllTO Ta rrpaaa KOPMCTH JKeHa y rpa,n;y. BMille Hero 11r;>:~e APYrAe. HantH cou;>rjaJIHCTHqKH 3aKOHl1 OB):Ie HMajy xapaxTep nporpaMa 3a. KOj>r" ce 6ope rrporpec>raHe cHare APYIIlTBa, yrrpaao s6or Tora II1TO OHH He O,l(pa:a<aaajy aeh CTBOpeHe €KOHOMCK€ O,D;HO,Ce Ha Ce.Jiy, Beli. IIOJia3e Op; TOra ,n;a.JI€KO Ma:FbOj M€pi1 23 �KaJ>BM 6!1" TH O,[(HOCH y ·11a 6y11y. . · T.pe6a !10/IaTM ;:Ia · JinrnJ e, . rrpc):(pacy):(e, ,·Ha<;Jiel)eHJ1.J13 JJ;aBH~X COIJ;MjaJIMCTWIKOM i1PYrllTBY Tpe6aJIO · . · ..· · • · pa3sn HapO/IHYI o6wrajn, yTnn;aj pe" rrpa3HOBepnn;e y o,n;Hocy ira :a<eHe spe~eHa_, J13·rrpe2KMBe.m1x ,n;pyniTBeHMX CJiCT.e:M:a, Ka,Il.a .Je.1KeHa 6JiiJia IIOTIIYHH.po6, joiii B):nue oTe:a<aBaJy rroJio:a<aJ :a<eHeHaceJiy (o6wrajn rrp>I rropoljajy · ,n;asm-:oe MMpa3a, Kynoavraa 2Ke_Ha, CKJiarraa.e 6paKa Mel)~ MaJIOJICTHJ1ll.V1MD. l1'I:,Z:J;.). ·3a!Jpyze . I I i · CeJbaqKe pa,[(He 3a,n;pyre 11 rrope,n; CJia600T>I M H€,ll;OCTaTaKa KOj>I y · HOlifMa _ITOCTOJ e, · KaO J1 aKTMBH:Y:Ij e OTIIilTe 3€M.1bOpa,ll.H~"t.JKe . 3a,n;py~e yaoce y Harna ceJia abBe, coiJ;:t1j aJIHCTM'tfKe o,iiHoce. Pa3BI~JalheM 3a,n;pyra yrrope,n;o ce pa3BMjajy lie caMe MaTePHJaJIHH ycJIOBH Hero >I Ky.iiTypHH H ,n;pymTBCHH >KYIBOT C8Jia. 3a,[(pyrapH CB8CHO pa,[(e Ha TOMC, jep 3a,[(pyry CXBa" ~aJy He CaMO K~O J1HCTpyl\I€HaT· n050.Thll!QI-ba CBOr MaTepM- . JaJIH,Or rro.Jio2KaJ a, aero M Ka~- cpe,n;cTno onlllTer HanpeTI{a ·y ceJiy. · _ . · .Bel'i'· l'(ocaAamlha HC;KJ'cTBa rroKa3yjy' ):Ia cy ·cE'Jba.qKe pa~H~ 3a,n;pyre rr03MTJ1BHO YTIH.:t:ane Ha no5o.JCL1lalbe rroJi:o:m:aJa _.-ceocKe }Keae. Y_ IhnMa, Kao H rra l1H,D;¥.:BM.n;yaJIHOM . ra3AMHCTBy, :a<eHa,y rro):(je,[(eaxoj.JYiepM yqec-rByje·xao rrpoJ13Boljaq, · A.n:v.r, · y ce.JbaT.JKJ-11\ir pa,tJ;HJiM 3ap;p:)lraMa p~;n;He :m:eH~ ce,rra cy rro··npsJ1_rryT ,n;06:vrJie npano ne cmwo .n;a y-qeCTBYJY. Y ·· rrpOM3BOAih>I, Beh H Aa paBHortpasHo yqecTByjy Y paCIIO,ll;8JIM IIpMXO,[(a OCTBiipeHtlx lbHXOBJ1M pa,D;OM. fio,n; YTMl.\aJ eM TaKBMX 0/IHOCa y I!OJbOIIjlHBpei\HOj rrpOM3BOAihH, y ceJbaqKHM .pa.n;H.HM 3a,n;pyraMa Metba ce · u o,IJ;:Hoc npelvra ~eHn yon~Te. 3a~Tape.rra cxBaTarna. Ha3a.n;H:r1 o6Y.IT.J8.jr-1, 'li.teTHHa noJI~Ko; antr rroc"Tenen"'o.RecTajy,. a 6p1E:e rrpo;n;tiPY CXBaTalba 0 JK_€Hl1 KE1:0 pas:tmrrpaBHOM ~:IJiaHy 3aje,IJ;Hli!IJ;€ Hero y ce.JIMMa r,n;e npeoBJia.n;aBa ·.J-1Hp;MBM.n;yaJIHlif noce;a;. · Y m>6po opraHM30BaHHM 3ap;pyraMa HaMelie ce H rrpo6JieM rroMOhH JKeHH y OArojy ,n;e11e. Pap;H oJiaKmalha pa,n;a JKeHaMa MHore ceJbaqxe paAHe 3aApyre oTBapajy 11 M3,ll;p-· ~aBa]y CC~OHCKC yCTaHOBe 3a 3aiiiTHTY .n;eo;e (BpTMli:U, ,I(O- I ! l ) yso,n;e· 3aiDT>ITY 3a cBoj~ <rJiaHoBe :a<eHe-MajKe M o6e36eljyjy MM MCTa OHa rrpaBa KOja .Y>K>IBajy pa,[(HHI.\8 M CJiy:a<6eimn;e0 ITo rrpB>I rryT Kpo3 CeJbaqKy paAHY 3a,n;pyry, .ra,n;Ha :a<eHa ceJia oceha rroMoh M 6pnry APYIDTBa 3a ·E>erre · . . · ·· ·· . · · rrpo6JieMe. · 'Ycrrec>r Koje cy rrocT>~rJieceJba<rKe pa,n;He 3a;11pyre l}ao l1 Hanpep;He bnmTe 3e~JDopa,U,HH"tJK8 3a,n;pyre, Kal{o .eKQ:HOMCK~, TaKO _if Ha. IIO,IJ;M3ai£j KY JITypHOT HMB9~ CBOjH.X qJiaHOBa yKa3yjy Ha TO ,n;a je rrpOl.\CC pa3BMTKa. C0IjMjaJIY!CTJ1qKHX O,ll;HOCa Kp03 .3a,l1pyre ,n;aJieKO. 6p:a<YI, ,n;a je 6op6a ITpOTMB 3aO~TaJIOCTJ1 Ha CeJiy MHO TO JI_a.KIIIa Y" Kpaj €BJUI.[a rAe je 3a,[(pyrapcTBO pa3BMjeHMje M ,n;a cy ycrrecu nocTMrHYTM y TOM IIOrJICAY TeM8JbJ;IMjH. AKTMBHMje 3a,n;pyre yBo,n;e eJieKTPM<rHO cBeTJIO y ce,rra, .pa3BHjajy >K>IBH KYJITYPH>~ pa,n;, oprarrn3yjy pa3He Te.qa_jeBe: rroJDonp:vmpe,n;He, KYJITypHe, sp;paBcTBeHe; npocB_eTH~, ocH:vrsajy KYJITypHa ,n;pymTBa, ·qJ1TaOHMu;e, ,ri.MJieTaHTCKe 11PY>KHHe, Ha6aBJbajy I<MHoarrapaType, OTBapajy ,ll;OMOBe KYJIType. 3a,\\pyrapH HacToje_,n;a y cBoj>IM KyhaMa H3MeHe Ha"IIHH JKHBOTa. IIo6oJbiiiaBa ce HaqJ1H McxpaHe, CT::tHOBH H ABOpHmTa ce 6oJbe ypeljyjy, Ha6aBJba ce orrpeMa 3a cTa,HOBe, .Jil3rpal)yjy ce rryT_eB~, "t.recMe, rreKape ~ c.rr. . IIepcrreKTHBe pa3BJ1TKq-' Harne rr.oJboiJpMBpe,n;e, yHarrp€:.l)elhe II0JbOI!pHBp8,ll;H8 IIpOM3BO,ll;Ih8, YBOijelhe M8XaHM3aIJ;l1je J1 np!1MeHa arpOT€XH:V.FIKMX Mepa,~- pa3BJ1TaK COLI;:Iilja.... ..JH1CTJ.1"t{KiiiX 05JIJ1Ka IIOJbOTipi-:IBpep;~e llp0113BO,ll;lb8 1 pa3BJ1_jau,e rrpepaljMBa<rKe MH,ll;YCTpMje Ha CeJiy HT,[(. 6Mfie CBaKaKO CHa:m:aH MHCTpyMeHaT 6opf?e 3a eKOHOM;CKl%1 M KYJITYPH!i1 Hanpe.n;aK ce.rra, sa pa3BJ1jaThe HOBMX op;Hoca Mel)y JbY,TI.HMa, ,a TJ1M8 J1 CHaMftH HHCTpyMeHaT. rro60JDIIIa:Ef:ta riO.JI02Kaja pap;H~ 2K€He HR ·CeJiy Ji1 ¢aKTJ1"<IKOf OCTBaper~~ H>el!e· paarrorrpaBHOCT>I. CTora pa):(He :a<eHe ce;rra HMajy rroce6Hor >IHTepeca ,n;a 6YAY Meljy rrpBHMa y 6op611 3a pa3BHjalhe COij>IjaJIYICTWIK>IX 06JIMKa IIpMBpelju!Balha. Yno}Je,n;o c TMM 6op6a CBMX COIJ,MjaJIMCTJ1qK:v.tx Cl:iara ·p:pylllTBa IIp0TJ1B H€ITJ1CM€HOCTlii, 3aOCTaJIOCTH, CTapMX HaBHKa, peJI:vrrM03Hl1X yn·m;aj a, npep;pacy,n;a, Hasap;HMX o6M:.. qaja, !10IIpnnehe y6p3aBalhy -ror rrpon;eca. "JHJIMIIITa, JaCJIC, 06p;aHJ1IIITa), ycTaHOBC KOje '¥a CCJiy Tpe6a ·cMaTpanr :?-a"<IeiJ;HMa ,n;pylliTBeHe 6pY.Ire 3a o,.u;roj 11 BacnJ1,.a,.,e 11en;e paljHHX JbYAH Ha ceJiy. M'Hore Harrpep;He 3a·Apyre, no yrJieAy Ha 3aiDTHTY Kojy YR<><Ba MajKa pa,[(HHn;a, 24 25 �Hac<raBHHl\M na YHHBep31%iTe<ry · 611Jle cy J<3y3eTaK, rra j e c<rora napo'IMTO 3Ha'Iajaa rropac<r 6poja >KeHa HaCTaBHMKa Ha YHJ1Bep3HTeTMMa H BHCOKHM IIIKOJiaMa (10,4 o/o 0)1 YKYITHOr 6poja HaCTaBHHKa), a HapO'II1TO IIOMOftHOr HaCTaBHOr OC06Jha (21,9o/o >KeHa Op; YKYIIHOr 6poja). YKyrraH 6poj cJiy>K6eHHKa, rrpeMa IIOIIHCY KOjH je 113BplneH 1. XII. 1951 I'O)IHHe l<3HOCl<O je 250.210, o,n; <rora 100.415 >KeHa J<JIJ< 40,13%. IIo perry6JIHKitMa rrpoL\eHaT >KeHa CJiy>K6eHHL\a y 0)\HOcy Ha yKyiiaH 6poj CJiy>K6eHJ<Ka J<3Hocno je: y Cp6nj11 36,6%, y XpBaTcKoj 42,9, y CJioBeHHJ:H 54,8, y BnX 38, y MaKe,n;oHHjH 29,4 n y I(pHoj Tqp11 35,4o/o. O,n; 1952 ro!II1He yrrope,n;o ca rrpot~eCQM JIJ<KBJ<)Ial\Hje a,n;MHHHCTpaTJ<BHOr yrrpaBJhalba IIp11Bpe)IOM 11 rrpeHOIIIeFba rrpHBpe,n;He orrepaTHBe Ha caMe rrpHBpe,n;He opraH><3al\Mje, KaO M pa3BHjaFbeM CaMOyrrpaBe y 06JiaCTM COl\HjaJIHOr OCHrypaFba n 3,n;paBCTBeHe cJiy:>K6e CMaFbyj e ce M 6poj cJiy>K6eHMKa y yrrpaBHOM arrapa<ry a MCTOBpeMeHo ce rroBehaBa Y rlpOCBeTHMM, 3)\paBCTBeHMM J< ,n;pyrMM yc<raHOBaMa. Y o,n;Hocy Ha c<raFbe npe pa<ra 6poj >KeHa Ha pyKoBo,n;ehHM 1\YJKHOCTHMa y yc<raHOBaMa J< Ha,n;JieiiiTBHMa 3HaTHO• ce rroBehao. O,n; YKYIIHor 6poj a cJiy>K6eiDf11a 3arrocJieHHX y yc<raHOBaMa n na,n;JieiiiTBMMa OTrra,n;aJio je 1951 r. na oHe KOje J<Majy ,n;o 6 ro,n;nna cJiy>K5e, 64,5%. ITo perry6JIHKaMa <raj ce rrpol\eHaT Kpehe M3MeJ;jy 54,5% (XpBaTcKa) H 75,5% (BaCHa H Xept~erOBI1Ha). J1 OBH rrop;al\H CJIW!HO KaO M KOI\. pap;HI11\a rroKa3yjy ,n;a je.HajBehn 6poj :>KeHa cJiyJK6eHHl\a sariocJie:fi nocJie oca:ro5ol)eH>a. 2Kefl£. y yCT~UDBa~a U uacl.aemxauJ!a , llpeMa HCTMM IIO)\al\MMa CKOpO IIOJJOBJ<Ha 011 yKyrrHor 6poja cJJyJK6eHMI.Ia pap;I1Jla je y 3p;paBcTBenoj, COl\Mjammj H rrpocBeTHoj c<rpyl\:H. Y rrpocBeTHoj CTPYI.IM 6>mo je 31.854 . >KeHe MJIH 53J25% op; yKyrrHor 6poja cJiy>K5eHI1Ka y 'raj CTPYL\H; y 3,n;paBCTBeHoj rr COl\MjaJIHoj cTPYliM 611Jio j e 16.115 >KeHa MJIM 64,18%. Y cTaTI1CTI1"rKoj cTPYll>< 6MJJO je 40,46%, y a,l(M>IHHCTpaTMBHOj 37,30%, y qmHaHCI1CKOj 26,68%. ' Y HeK11M c<rpyKaMa rrpot~eHaT >KeHa je MaJII1. TaKo y p;l1rrJIOMaTCKO-KOH3yJiapHOj CTPYL\11 11Ma 15,82% >KeHa, y rrpaBHOj 11,85%, y ITOJhOITpHBpe,l\HOj 14,7%, y BeTepMHapCKOj 8,14%, My rnyM~pcKoj 2,74%. 11Ha'Ie >Kene cy 3ac<ryITJheHe y CBMM CTpyKaMa. Y 6HBIIIOj J yrDCJiaBMjH, :>KeHe - 26 O,q YKYIIHor 6poja sarr6cJieHHX c·JtyJIC6euu~a CJiy:m:6_eHHKa Ca <flaKyJIT€TCKOM . Hao5pa360M HMa 29,1% >KeHa, ca IIOTrryHOM Cpep;FbOM IIIKOJ)OM 51,9o/o, ca HerrOTIIYHOM Cpe,n;FbOM IIIKOJIOM 44o/o, ~a OCHOBHOM IIIKOJIOM 32,9%, 6e3 IIIKOJICKe CrrpeMe 42,6);,. llo .perry6JIMKaMa je y 0)\HOCY Ha .yKyiiaH 6poj 3aiiOCJieHHX CJiy>K6eHMKa najBefiM IIpol\e_: HaT JKeHa ca <j:laKyJITeTCKOM crrpeMOM' y Cp6njn (33% ), HajMaFbH y I(pHoj ropH (18%). HajBehu IIpOl\eHaT >KeHa Ca IIOTrryHOM cpe)IFbOM· IIIKOJIOM je y XpBaTCKOj (62 9o/o), a HajMaFbH y I\pHgj ropH (35,9%). Ca HerroTrryHoM cpe,n;FhoM IIIKOJIOM najBehH rrpot~eHaT JKena je y CJioBennjM (61,6.%), a HajMaH.H y MaKe,n;oHHjH (32,9% ). "Ill'Ko.n,c-,ea "Hao pa a 6 36 Y ro,rvma 1938/39 1949/50 1950/51 1951/52 1952/53 1··.·· '\1 l ·t1 CPeAILHM CTPY~HHM Cpe,n;H:.e o/o 2KeHa 23.835 25.076 17.156 16.679 mK~JiaMa * 6HJIO . je: BJ.:tcoKe IIIKOJie CTpyqHe IIIKOJI€ ·. 'YKYIIHO : O,z:~;:, Tora meHa 10.979 63.100 65.940 44.873 45.403 H . BHCOKHM YKynao O,n; Tora o/o :m:eHa :m:eHa 37,7 38,0 38,2 36,7' 17.734 60.566 60.395 55.270 54.745 22,5 32,9 33,2 32,9 33;4 3.987 19.945 20.021 18.168 18.246 Cy,n;ehn no rropacTy arrcoJiyTHor 6poja :lli:eHCKe OMJia,n;HHe y Cpe,n;H:.MM CTpyqHHM I1 BJ1COKJ1M IDKOJiaMa MO)Ke Ce O'IeKMB'aTH jOIII BefiH rropaC.T 6poja KBaJIM<j:lHKOBaHHX CJiy:m::6eHHIJ;a, He CaMO y ycTaHOBaMa y rrpMBpe)WMM rrpe,n;y3ehfuMa. 11 Ha,n;JieiDTBMMa Befi li1 . OcTaJte 3anoc.aeue xeue IIop;au;MMa o 6pojy pap;HHIJ;a. M CJiy:>K6eHHL\a Hncy o5yxBaheHe cBe >KeHe Koje caMocTaJJHO rrpnBpeJ;jyjy. TaKo Ha rrpMMep, Hncy MCKa3aHe JKeHe sarrocneHe y rrpHBaTHOM ceKTopy, y ap;MM- * Be3 yMeTHJi1'1KJ1X lllKOJia J1 mKOJia 3a o6pa30BaH>e HacTaB-· Ka,n:pa. HMCY o6yxBafieHlil HJ1 pa,n:m;rqKJ1 T€XHli.IKYMM, KaO HH o)J;eJbelba 3a pa,n;HHKe y cpe;rr,lbMM CTpyqHMM ·mKOJiaMa. · HOr 27 �,HHCTpat;HjH · ilJ1Ylll'£!!Ci!HX oprai!H3al\Hja,. Kyliiio TIOMOliF!O oco6Jhe, :>aHaTnnje.HT/l. IIpeMa TOMe Tpe6a HMaTH y :sn):jy · .1\a je: YKYTI"-H 6pqj 3arrocneHHX >KeHa Belin 0.11 6poja ncKa3aHor y rro)'laqHMa o 6pojy pagHHl\a n .cny>K6·eHHl\a. .Ha Kpajy BaJba r-rar.rrac:vrTH .n;a y Hamoj 3€MJbli.I HeMa HMje,n;HOI' 3Bai:ba HJ1 3~HJ1Malba- KOje HHje ,IJ;OCTYIIHO )!{;€- , HaMai J1 OH8 Ce HaJia3e CKOp:o Ha CBMM 'rtOCJIOBMMa J1 06aB- Jhajy Hajp:>3JIWlltTI1je cpyHKqHje y rrpHBpe,liH, ,llp>KaBHoj_ yrrpann, ycTaHoBaMa M opraHM3agMj aMa APYlllTBeHor caMo- , ynpaB . .rnama. O,n; IhMxo:Bor pa.n;a, 3aJiara:rba J1 cnoco6Hocn·t y rrpBO:>T pegy 3aBI1Cl1 KaKBe fie IIOCJIOBe y Ha!lloj ,llpylliTDeHOj 3aje;a;_HJ1IJ;J1 o6aBJbaTJ1. IIope,11 gy50imx I'<PYlllTBeHHx rrpoMesa KOj e cy cc y Hf!.IDOj 3eM.n?:a. O)'IHrpaJie IIOCJie OCJI06oljema, O)'IHOCH y nopO,l\111;11 jO!Il yBeK Hoce n_eqaT cTap:v.rx HaBHKa J-~-o6:VJ:"tJaja. CTapa rro,n;eJia pa,D;a, no K0joj je }KeHa o6a:$JbaJia CB2 ,iJ;oMahe ndcnoae, 3a,n;p)KaJia ce ,n;o ,n;aaac l1 y rpa.n;y r1 Ha ceny u nope,n; Tara IIITO je -2K~Ha ITOCTaJia aKTMBaH ~b.aKTOp y iipmi3BO,D;lliH Jt.IJH1 Ha ,11pym Ha'!HH npl1Bpeljyje, Tmw ila je cma p;aHac orrTepeheHa llBOC'rpyKHM ilY>KHOCO'HMa; rrpv.speljHBaaeM BaH Kyfie l1 o6aBJbaH:i\2M ,ZJ;OMafii1X TIOCJ!OBa. AHKeTa Kojy je l(eHTpaJIHM o,116op CaBe3a ci1H/111KaTa B0)\110 y TOKY 1951 rG)'IHHe M·2l)y pa,1\Hl11jaMa noKaByje ga MMa joru MHoro rrpo6JieMa Kciju he ce lViopaTJ1 peruaBan1 y Il.HJhY CTBapaH::.a MaTepMjaJIHHX y~nosa 3a ocJto6oljeH:.e >KeHe 0,11 )'IOMafii1X IIOCJIOBa. ·Q)'I 7.440 aHK8THpam1X }KeHa 86% HX ce xpaue KOi1 Kyhe, a cnera 14% y llPYlllTBeHMM \)ecTopamri.!a, ITopeil pa,11a y rrpe,~y3ehy 43% aHKenrpamo:x }KeHa o6aBJhajy caMe; 6e3 HLJ:Mje rroMoh:r1, cBe ·,Il;OMahe rrocJiose, 7,7% :£K€Ha O,IJ;Jia3e neuu;::e Ha pa,IJ;, a O,TI; rora 21 o/o rrposo,n;H Ha rryTy .BHme o,ZJ; jEi.n;rmr· caTa. Ha ruiTaa,e KOj:w:. Ji!M ,IJ;OMafiYI IIOCJIOBJ1 O,IJ;Y3HMajy HajBMlli€ Bp€M€Ha 30% 2KeHa cy o.n;roBopMJie ,n;a je TO cnpeMaroe Kyhe, 18% npalbe ·aerna, 3aTMM ,n;o.rra3H xyBaihe, Kyrrosaae HaMI1pHl1u;a 11 IIOCJIOBJ1 OKO ,D;2IJ;€. MeljyTHM, yrrpKOC CBYIM TlifM -T€IIIKO- ·fiaMa, cBera 2,15% >KeHa O,llrOBOpHJIO je ila :a<:eJIH.ila HarryCTM rrocao. 28 ~eHa Ha CeJiy o6aBJha TaKolje, nope)\ pa,11a y hpOH3BO,ZJ;Ibl11 J1 C_Be- ,Il;OMafie IIOCJIOBe. 0ClilM ';['Ora, HJ13aK OIIIIITM >KI1BOTHH .CTaH)'Iap,ll y 3aOCT<tJIHM ceJII1Ma (KOjH 'l~CTO He -3aBMCI1- o,n; HMoBHOr, ··cTaH:.a) ycJIOB_JhaBa- ·aoljeH:.e rrpHMHTHBHOr )\OMafiHHCTSa. ~eHH Ha CeJiy pag y )'IOMafiHHCTBy OTe}!{aBa: y MHOTOMe H8,ll;OCTaTaK OrpeBa Yf BO,ll;8, KOje OHa 0,ll;OHOCJ1 "9:8CTO Ha CBOjHM JI8}_)J1Ma Ca ~efi"e y_.n;aJb8HOCTJ1. Cae TO YTH"t!e ,n;a 2KeHa, 11 OH,n;a· Ka,n:;a HMa HCTe KBaJI:t-nfJYIKau;Mje KaO Jif MYIIIKapau;, yc-Jie~ Te OIITepefieHOCTYI .·He ,11aje Ha 1\Y>KHOCTH Ha KOjOj ce HaJia3H !1CTI1 ecpeKaT pa_.n;a. 06aBJPg.H:.e ,li;OMahlifX TIOCJIOBa, Ha ·je_.n;aH MaH:.e-BMIII~ 3aOCTaO Ha"Y:HH, o_.n;.y3J1Ma- }1{8HM CJI060)J;HO' BpeMe KOje 6M MorJia yrroTpe6MTM 3a ·rro,n;M3a:ffie csbr cTpy-qHOr MJU-1 orrmTer 3HaH:.a MJIJif KOje 6J.:r" MOrJia IIOCB8TI1TJi! CBOjOj p;pylliTB8H0-IIOJil1TJ1l:.IKOj 0.KTJ1BHOc'TH. -Y :fpa_.n;OBJiiMa,- H€,Il;OB0JbHO pasaVIjeHa MpeLKa yrocTMTe.llicTBa, Tpi'oB:vrHe rroJI_yripE:pal)esMHaMa, H8,IJ;OBOJbHO pa3BMj eHa rrpexpaH6eHa MH_.n;yCTp_Mja, H8,ll;OCTaTaK T8XHlil"t!f01X l1 CaHMTap_H:Y.IX li!HCTaJiaIJ;Mja, Ha CeJiy,· OITIIITa 3aOCTaJIOCT, CTaH68Hlii yCJIOBM, CJia68. -orrpeMJb8HOCT CTf-HOB~, Hepau;J--ioHaJIHO 8KOHOMJ1CaH:.e :---- TO -cy _-rrpo6.rreMvr '-Il-1~-eM ce peiiiasa:a;y, y.· ,n;oca,rr:aiii;tnYIM HalliJtiM Hanop_JtiMa, KOjl1 cy rrpaeHCTB~HO 6MJIJ1 yCMepeHr~ Ha pa3BI1TaK TemKe MH,n;ycTp_Jtije 11 eJreKTp:vrc]JJ1Kau,_Mje, HMje M<?r,no m6HJhHYij e rrpHliM. J ep OBile ce pagM o nmpoKOM rr.porpaMy ·KojH yKJi.yqyje pa3Bl1TaK JiaKe MHgycTpYij.e, noce6Ho npexpaH6eHe, _l13rpa,n;IPy CTaHoaa, JIOKaJIHor -cao6pahaja, Ko·MyHaJIHMX o6j"eKaTa, pa3BMTaK TIOBpTJiapCTBa, pa3BJ1Tai{ TprOBYIHe J1 yrOCTHTeJbCTBa, yc.rr_yLKI-IJ.f:X pa,IJ;HOHHIJ;a, KaO J1 pc:i.i\ Ha rrpOCB8J::il1;Bai-Dy, liTO YI3J-1CKyje H ·p;OCTa BpeMeHa VI, yJiaraae. MaTep_Mja.rrHvrx cpep;cTaaa. . IIopeil nocJioBa y ilOMalii1HCTBy, pailHY >KeHy OIITepefiyj y, M IIOCJIOBJ1 oKo Here l1 o,n;roj a ,n:;ei..I,e. TlOJia3efiM o,r:~; Tor ,I~;a 3a eKoHOMCKO OCJI06oljeme >KeHe H meHy llPYlllTBeHy paBHOrrpaBHOCT BeOMa Ba>~my yJiory Hrpa M .11PYlllTBeHa 6p11ra 0 o;n:rojy M ·aacrrM'L'aiPy _,n;eu,_e,_ Barna· cot~H:ja.rrJ..rcTM·qxa 3aje;n;Hvr:u;a:-je seh ,n;o ,n;aHac, npeMa CBOjMM MaTep:MjaJIHli1M MO:ryhHOCTii!Ma; pa3BHjaJia ycTaHOBe ·3a ;n;pylliTBeHO CTap~F.I:ol~:::·o p;eu;M. 0CJ-1M TOra, KaO lliTO CMO paHMje li1CTaKJIJ1,,~~I!-":Y:Tt:~M~-06e35eljeH>a rroce6HMX rrpasa, pa3BI1jeHa je 3a!llTI"\o;{.Th[~}B'e ,_, M ,n;eTeTa; ' ·' ; .-J : ·' OclzOJ delle a .. '29 ,- ,, I'' �,ll;e'l.jMx jacaJia, BpTM!ui " oiSI\aHMI!lTa OMJIO je y Majy . 1953 rDI\MHe .YKYUHO 261 ca 13.549 IllTMlieHMKa 1\0K MX je Y 1951 rOII"H" OMJIO 524 ca 25.681 IllTMliemrn:o;., · Pa3Jiore OB.aKo BeJIMKoM nai\Y TPeiSa TpalKMTM AeJIOM Y npeJiaJKelhy OBMX ycTaHoBa Ha caMocTaJIHO ¢><BaH- . ~ CHpaibe. IIepMDA ,a,n:MHHHCTJ)a~HBHor" coquja.irn.3Ma MMao je 3a nocJiep;M:qy ,n;a cy ce Te ycTaaose,· Hapo"t~I1TO ,n;eqje jacJie, CTsapane .saTo ,rnTo TaKa Tpe6a", a TepeT n3,n;p}KaBalba 1\eL(e Y lbMMa rral\aO je CKOpo J!CKJbY'l.MBO Ha 1\plKaBy. To ce I!lTeTHO Ol\paJKaBaJio na ol5aBe3e n ISpHry pOI\11TeJba 3a 11en,y, 11 BOI\J!JIO y 15apoKpaTM3aM, np)1B11Jieraj e " npoTeKIj>IJY· }{:apaKTepi1CT";'l.HO )e 11a cy HajBeliy J!HI1QMjaTI1BY y OTBapalhy 1\e'l.J""; JacaJia noKa3aJie ycTaHoBe 1\plKaBHe ynpaBe - 3a CB.OJe CJIY:lKOeHMKe. ,Bopoa npOTHB 0Hp0KpaTM3Ma ~ 6opl)a npOTMB npHBMJieraj a 11 Ha OBOM CeKTOpy ~MaJia Je 3a ?OCJiei\MI1Y 11a cy ce ISai!l Te ycTaHoBe najnpe ~-aTsapaJie, Jep Je lbl1XOBM~ npe.rracKoM' Ha caMOCTa.rrao ¢11HaHCI1palbe y11eo POI\MTe.llia y cHoi!lelhy TpqlllKOBa 3a lh11XOBO ~31\plKaBalhe oceTHO nopacTao. Meljy'!'I1M, " nope/\ oBMX o6JeK:rMBHMX MoMenaTa KOjM cy' YTMQaJIM 11a ce CMaibl1 OpOJ OBUX ycTaHoBa, Jf OB)1e cy J!30MJia Ha ITOBpIIlMBY pa3Ha J:Ia3ai\Ha CXBaTalba, 'l.eCTO M ITOI\ ¢MpMOl'(l 15op15e npoTI1B 6apoKpaTJ<3Ma. . MHorJ< napOI\Hlf Ol\6opu H rrpel\y3elia, rrorpelllHO CMaTpaJylin 11a ce 1\0I\aTKOM na 1\eQy pei!laBa riHTaH>e 1\e'lje 38UITJi!Te J1JIJ1 ,ZJ;a .MajKa, TIOUITO je ,n;o._r:r;aTaK- BJ1COK, He .Mapa Bl1:IIIe p;a pa,zJ;H, HJitCY ITOKa3aJIJ1 Befiy 3Rl1HTepeCOBaHOCT ga Ol\p>Ke 1\e'!je. ycTanoBe M 11a JIM rrpy>Ke no>4oli y pelllaBaiby TemKoha KOJe cy ce rrojaBMJie npeJiacKoM Ha caMOCTaJmo ~MHa~~YipaH>e. HarrpoTliffi, ymecTo Tora·, nom.J;IM cy n:vrn:vr- . jaH>e BeliMX cpep;CTaBa 3a ITOI\M3albe 1\PYI!lTBeHOr . CTaH1\apl\a OTKJIOHMlie OBe TelllKOlie. Y 1\aHai!llbliM yCJIOBMMa Hai!la lie 3ajei\HMija MOlil1 1\a O)\BOjM BMI!le cpei\CTaBa 3a pa3BMTaK JiaKe liHI\YCTpHje, 3a CTaaoeny >1 KOMyHaJIHY M3rpai\IbY, 3a ·coijlfjaJIHY 3alllTMTY· 3a pelllaBaH>e OBMX ilMTalba y npBOM pel\y ll03BaHa je KOMyHaJIHa 3ajei\HUija " caMM rpaljanM, na lie cTora y najBelioj MepK 3aBWCMTH O)J; CaMMX }KeHa· J1 :tpHXOBe· J1Hl1Il;HjaTJ1Be J1 ynopHOCTM KbJIMKO fie, yrrope,n;O. C OIIIIITHM pa3BJ1TKOM, y CBOM t'pa,n;y, npel\y3eliy 11JIW aa ceJiy ycnei!laO pei!laBaTM npoiSJieMe , JIOMaliuacTBa " Ol\roja 1\eQe. 4. IIOJil1Tl1'lKA l1 ,l\PY!IITBEHA AKTl1BHOCT :lKEHA Y rrOJIJ!TH'l.KOj aKTMBHOCTM Hapoi\Hor cppoHTa, Hapo,D;He OMJia,n;nHe Y1 ~pyrMX · MaCOBH11X opraHJ<3au;nja, Koja je MlllJia rrapaJieJIHO ca pa,n;oM Ha· pernaBaH>y KOHKpeTHUX rrpo6JieM:a y Be3M _.ca oiSaoBOM J< M3rpal\lbOM 3eMJbe, }KeHe cy y3eJie aKTMEHor y"tJ:eruha-, Hapo"t!HTO y rpa1\0BMMa. IIopel\ Tora, AaTM¢aumcTWIKH ¢poaT JKeaa opraHJ130Bao je noce6Hl1 noJIMTJ1qKJ1 pap; Mel)y 2K.eHaMa, pa,Il.l1 yno3HaBa&a 2KeHa ca ID~XOBJ1M npaBl1JYia c~e"tJ:eHJ~M 3a BpeMe HapOI\He peBOJIYQMje" pai\H MOOI1JIJ!3aQMJe JKeaa y 6opi5K 3a Y'l.Bpllllielhe TeKOBI1Ha HapOI\HOOCJIOOOI\HJia'!Ke 15op6e u yK.JOY'lMBaH>a JKeaa y oni!lTe aanope nai!le 3aJeA'!mQe na M3rpal\lh>l coijlij aJIMCTM'l.KOr ,1\PYIIlTBa. IIoce6ay na>KlhY o6paTMO je AHTM¢a)IIHCTH'!KM q,poHT >Keaa Ha 1Ioce5uu no.nuTU'l.l.'KU pad ca J~Ceua.Ma Hau;MoHaanlMX· Ma:IDMHa y aKTMBaH rroJil1y _npBOM pe,rJ;y illMnTapK:vr, MY.CJIHMaHKH JOM HaJMaH>er OTnopa M rrpMI!lJIW 3aTBapalhy 1\e'l.jMx ycTa- yBJia't{elbe }KeHa HOBa, HalFO 3a TO HJ1je 6Jt:IJIO Hli!KaKBOr onpaB,n;a~a, Hapo- TJ1't{Kl1 2KHBOT, J1 TO 't!HTO Ka,n; ce pa,Z:J;J1JIO 0 BpTY:d.'iJ1Ma J1 IIIKOJICKHM .KYXli:I:EnaMa. CaMe 2KeHe, KOjYIMa cy OBaKBe .YCTEI,HOBe Hy:m~e, HlfCY noKa3aJie ,ZJ;OBOJbHO yrropHOCTJ1 .y HaCTojaiDMMa ,n;a ce OHe Ol\plKe. 3aocTaJIM Ha'l.Jirn BOljelba )10Malii1HCTBa Jf He)10BO.JbHO pa3BMjeBe p;e'lje ycTaHOBe npeTCTaBJbajy 11anac jep;ey 011 OCHOBHJ!X CMeTib>! )1a pa)1Ha :>KeHa ISyl\e jOIIl aKTJ!BHI1ja y CBJ!M o6mnzy<Ma 1\PYIIlTBeHOr, ITOJIUTJf'l.KOr >1 rrpHBpei\BOr lKMBOTa. 0ITIIlTM pa3BMTaK 11Hp;ycTp11j e M npDMeTa Jf 01\Ba- 30 u TypKUlba. Y TOM L(MJhY Boljeaa je aKTHBHa 6op6a 3a cKMI\albe 3ap;:t M ¢epei,Ie, TJiKO 11a cy 110 1950 rOI\MHe, 3axBa.JbyjyhM a:KTJ1BHOCTJ1 2KeHa Ha TOM TIJiiTaH>y 11- Ihl1XOBVTIV£ 3axTeBJtJ;Ma, y CBJ1M peny6JIJ1KaMa r,n;e 2KJ1Ee }l{eHe MycJI:r:rMaHcKe BepOHCIIOBeCTH 1\0HeTM 3aKOHJf KOjM 3a6paH>YJY Hoi!leH>e 3apa M ¢epei,Ie. Ha npe)1M36opHMM cacTaHQMMa 3a Y cTaBOTBopny cKynlllTMHY j'lemlie JKeHa 6MJIO je ~eoMa BeJIMK?· IIopel\ MalhJ!X npel\11300pHMX KOH¢epeHD;11Ja, 01\p>KaH Je >1 Hl13 31 �Belirrx 3oopoBa :a<:eHa. Ha je.n;HOM TaKBOM 36opy y Beorpaily y"'eCTBOBaJIO Je OKO 70.000 :>KeHa. Iloce6HM aKTMBJ%1 :a<:eHa arrrTaTopa o.n;rrrpaJIM cy BeJirrKy yJiory y M06MJIH3aljrrjrr :a<:eHa 3a Te M36ope - rrpBe M36ope Ha KOjHMa cy no rrpBrr rryT_ y"'eCTBOBaJie CBe :a<:eHe JyrocJiaBrrje. :lKeHe cy Ha: CBOJHM cacTaHljMMa y"'eCTBOBaJie y /IHCKYCHjH o rrpojeKTy YcTaBa <PHPJ, HapO"'MTO no OHHM o.n;pe.n;6aMa YcTaBa Koje cy TOBO)JMJie 0 )JaBHOI1paBHOCTJ1" :>KeHa H 3aiiiTMTH MajKe J1 p;eTeTa. , · Y M36opHoj KaMrraH>H 3a M36ope 3a. Hapo.n;He o.n;6ope y 1949 TO/IMHH 0/I)J:>KaBaHe cy rroce6He KOH<f>epeHI:(Mj e H MH- " TMH311 :lKei>a Ha KOjHMa je y"'eCTBOBaJIO rrpeKO 1,000.000 }KeHa. • . IIope,n; KOH<f>epeHI1Mja·M. rrpe.n;aBaH>a, Koje je AHTrr<f>aIIIMCTM"'KH <f>pOHT opraHM30BaO 3a :a<:eHe H Iia. KOjMMa cy TpeTHpaHa pa3Ha aKTyeJIHa rroJIMTH"'Ka, rrpHBpe.n;rm " .n;pyIUTBeH~ IIJ1Ta:fba, AHT:wcJ>amJ1CTJi1qKJ1 c}JpOHT LKeHa oprar-n1 ....: 30BaOJe rroce6He "tJl1TaJI~'tfKe rpyrre 3a 1Kene. '3a LKeHe.xoje cy . noKa3rrBaJie Belirr MHTepec 3a noJIMTH"'Ke rrpo6JIEiMe opraHJ130~aHJ1 cy ITOC€6HJ1 IIOJIMTJ1~Kl1 C8MHHapM 11 KypC8BJ1, KOJM cy MMaJIM ·3a IJ;M.Jh ,n;a Te mene· ocrroco6e 3a PYKOBO/IMOIIe y opraHH3al1MjaMa AHTM<f>aiiJMCTWlKor <f>pOHTa :lKeHa M 3a <f>YHK[\HOHepe pa3HMM .n;pyrHM I10JIJ1TM"'KMM M ,n;pylllTBeHMM opraHH3a[(Mj aMa. . . CaMo y 1948 ro.n;rrHrr pa.n;rrJio je Ha TepHToprrjrr Cp6Hje 8.565 "'MTaJia"'KMX rpyna " o.n;p>KaHo je 1.087 noJIMTH"'KHX ceMMHapa 3a :lKeHe PYKDBO/IHOI:(e y opraHi13a[(Hj aMa AHTvr<f>aiiJMCTH"!Kor <f>pOHTa :lKCHa. Y I1)JBOM T)JOMeCC"'jy 1949 ro.n;HHe 6HJID je opraHvr3oBaHo 12.811 npe.n;aBaH>a 3a :a<:eHe Ha Koji1:Ma je nprrcycTBOBaJio np'eK:o 65.000 meHa. y 1949 ro.n;HHl1 K)J03 rrOJil1TH"!Re KYpCeBe 3a PYKDBO/IH0!1e AHTH<f>aiiJl1CTl1"'KOr <f>poHTa :>KeHa IT)JOIITJIO j e OKO 6.000 >KeHa. Y XpBaTeKoj i.e y TOKY 19.49 ro.n;vme Ha rrOJil1Tl1"'KH1\!" KOH<f>epeHljHjaiVri' 3a :lKeHe y"'eCTBOBaJio 385.486 :lKeHa, a rrope.n; Tor a pa.n;no je H BCJIHKH .6poj "!l1TaJia"!Kl1X rpyrra Ha KOJHMa cy >KCHC 6HJIC HH<f>opMHCaHe 0 HajaKTyeJIHMjMM y IIOJIJ1TJ1qKYIM ,n;oraJaaj J1Ma. Y ITI Tpolirece"'jy 1949 ro.n;rrHe 6HJIO je y "'MTaBoj 3eMJbM OKO 22.500 "'HTaJia"'KHX rpyna Ca OKO 390.0"00 :lKCHa. y MCTOM pa3.n;06Jby opraHl130BaHO je OKO 20.000 rrpe.n;aBaH>a 3a :lKeHe, Ha KojrrMa je y"'eCTBDBaJio rrpeKo 800.000 :a<:eHa; Ha rreTHaecTo,n;HeBHHM rronl1TH"'KMM KypceBHMa 3a pyKo- 32 BO,Z:P•:WD;€- AHTMcj;}amMCTJ1'tJKOr ¢pOI-I'i'a :tKCHa Ha -ce.rry KOjVI cy 1950 ro,u;:MHe o,n;p}KaHM y CBMM p'eny6.rrHKa!'.1a, yqecTBoBaJio je rrpeKo 6.000 >KeHa. Kao ycrrex; oBaKBOr rroce6Hor rroJIMTM'tU{Or pap;a ca }K€HaMa 6MJIO je TO IllTO ce orpoMaH 6poj J-KeHa, KojH .ie'cTaiao no CTpaHvr o.n; rroJIMTM"LIKJ1X ,n;oral)aja, 'Kpo3 pa,rr, y AHTM¢a:ti:Ir1CTM't!KOM ¢p0HTY }K€H8 IIOJIMTM"LIKM aKTli1BH3Mpao, TIP- - y opraHM3CUJ;Jiij aMa HapO;r.:Hor <f>poHTa o,n;Hoc:a;o 1 Cou;Hj aJIMCTH't!KOr caae3a pa,n;Hor Hapop;a. BeHcTBeHo . )KeHe JyrocJiaB!1je ITOKa3aJie cy CBOjy BHCOKY JIO.JH1TH't!KY CB€CT lii y je,IJ;HOM O,U: Ha.iT€:lli:MX MOM€HaTa y IIOCJI€- paTHOM JKHBDTY JyrocJiaBr<je. Pe30JIYI:(r<ja J1H¢opM6Hpoa, rrpaheHa ·6ecmvryqHoM KaMrra:H>pM rrpOTMB Hallier rrapTMCKOI' M II)J>KaBHOr pyKOBO/ICTBa, opy>KaH!1M Il)JOBOKa[\HjaMa l1 .Tip€TI-haMa Ha HaiiiHM rpaHHtl;aMa J1 €KOHOMCKOM 6.rroKa.ITOM, HaHmna je He caMo Ha je.n;Ho;n;yiiJHy ocy.n;y HaiiJrrx :a<:eHa, Ka0 1 yocTa-JioM, M 't!MTaBor Haiiier Hapo.n;a, Hero :vr Ha pern~­ HOCT 1!CeHa p;a ce 3aje,n;ao -ca csojHM Hapo,n;oM· ,n;o Kpaja 6ope 3a CJio6op;y H ·He3aBVICHOCT csOje 3eMJI>e, 3a paBHOrrpaBHe o.n;Hoce Meljy Hapo.n;r<Ma. Ha KJieBeTe l1 KaMrraH>y J1H<f>opM6Mpoa LK:eHe cy 3aje,n;Ho c~. cBojMM Hapo,n;oM o,n;rosopMJI~ nojaqaBJ1l\-I pa.rr.oM ·Ha M3rpaA "DH' 3eiVIJbe. /Kene y co~ujaJWCTU"-f,- Kao lliTO je paHvrje Har.uarneao y rr0JIJ%i:TM'(_IKOM pap;y Hap'o,n;Hor <}JpoH · napoOa Ta, op;HOCHO Cou;Mj aJn1cTJ1't{KOr · caBe3a pap;Hor Hapo,n;a, y 'cBJ!!M ,n;oca,n;arn:a.MM rroJIHTJ1'r3::KMM MaHH<f>ecTa[(MjaMa l1 .n;oraljajMMa y 3€MJI,l1, Ha jaBHMM cyl)emi1Ma .PaTHHM IIIileKyJia:a;T_HMa lif 6oraTaiiiHMa, y cnpoBoljerbY arpapHe pecpopMe, Ha[(HOHamcl3ai\Hje, y OTKpH. Barny IliBep:u;epa M rnrreKyJiaHaTa, 2KeHe cy 6MJie BeoMa aKTHBHe, KaO l1 Ha CBJ1M ,n;pyrHM IIOCJIOBMMa fCOje je 6MJIO IIOTpe5HO o6aBHTH pa;n;H CII)JOBOljeH>a y >KHBOT OHI1X Mepa Koje je Hapo,n;Ha BJiacT rrpe.n;y3:vrMaJia. Ha MHOroPpojHHM. KOH<f>epeHI:(l1j aMa l1 MJ%!TI1H3I1Ma Ha KOjHMa cy rpaljaHH Harne 38M.Jb€, l13paLKaBaJIM CBOjy · CarJiaCHOCT ca TeKOBJ-1HaMa Hapo..n;ae peBonyu,Hje, Ha KojMMa cy ce H3jarur--b-aBaJIM: 3a perry5JIMKY a IIpOTJiiB MOHapXMje, .Ha KOjHMa Ce 3aXT€BaJIO rrpaBHJIHO perneFDe rpaHMI1a rrpeMa J1TaJIHjH 11 · AyCTpMjl1, y"'eiiiiie >KeHa 6rrJio je paBHO yqeiiiiiy MYIIIKapa!ja. 1W.A~ caae3y paduoz 3 TioJio:m:aj .J ~KeHe y cl>HP.J 33 �Ha ITOJIHTWIK11M npe)\H36opHtiM KOH<f>epeHI1HjaMa Ha-POI\HOr <f>poHTa i3a H36ope 3a Hapo,l\B:e o)\6ope 1949 " 1950 TO,!IHHe y'IeCTBOBaJIO je OKO 2,000.000 :>KeHa. . ]i[ Y 1\pyrHM MHOr06pojHI1M ITOJIHTH'IKI1M MaHH<f>ecTa• 11HjaMa rpaljaHa COl1J1jaJIHCTWIKe JyrocJirumje :>KeHe He 3aocTajy. 0He 1\![aCOBHO yqecTByjy Ha MaHH<f>ecTaljHjaMa 3a nporJiameH.e ,1\pyra THTa 3a IIpeTce,l\HMKa Peny6=e, Ha BeJIHK11M Hapo,l\H11M npocJiaB~a ,!IOraljaja H3 Harne Hapoi\He peBOJIYI1Hje, Ha paHHjHM " ca,l\aiiTIDHM npoTeCTHI1M )\eMOHCTPaljJ1jal\![a ITOBO)\OM HenpHjaTeJbCIU!X 0)\JIYKa BJia)\a EHrJiecKe "AMepHKe o TpcTy. Y cBaKOI\HeBHOM pal\y ocHOBHHX opraHH3al1Hja C<il1HjaJIMCTJ1qKor ·Case3a P8.AHor Hapop;a 2KeHe Taxolje aKTMBHO yqecTByjy. MeljyTHl\![, 1\0K je IDHXOBO yqernhe y pal\y OCHOBHHX OpraHH3aljHja y rpa,l\y ITO)\je)\HaKO Ca y'!eiiifieM MYIITKapa11a, )\OTJie yqernhe :>KeHa Ha ceJiy 3aoCTaje. Haljy ce, HapO'l!MTO y 3aOC'l'aJil1jMM KpajeBMMa, J1 TaKE€ opraiD1- 3aljHje y KOjHMa ce :>KeH,e yonrnTe He nojaBJbyjy. . 0Ko 50o/o 'IJiaHoBa CoijHjaJIHCTJ1ql{or caBe3a pa,!IHOr Hapo)\a cy :>KeHe. 0He cy 6npaHe y pyKOBOI\CTBa Col1HjaJIHCTJ1"t!KOr case3a pap;Hor Hapo.n;a. I!pHJH:1KOM 6Hpa~a ,n;eneraTa 3a cxyniiiTMHe M xoH.:. rpece, y MHOrHM rpai\CKHM opraHH3al1HjaMa thrpajy ce :>KeHe y no)\je)\HaKOM 6pojy Kao H MYIITKapuH. MeljyTMM, HMa J1 Ta.KBHX opr~HM3ai!,J1ja, HapOl:!J1'TO Ha C€JH1Ma, ( I! li. y KO·~ jMMa' ce :m:eHe MJIM yonruTe He 6Mpajy sa .n;e.rreraTe MJIJii ce 6Hpajy y BpJIO MaJIOM 6pojy. Y o;n;6opHMa OCHOBHMX opraHH3ai:(Hja y rpa,l\y 6poj :>KeHa Kpehe ce Ol\ 20-50% 011 yKyiiHor 6poja 6Hpam<x '!JiaHoBa 0,116opa, 1\0K je ceocKHM opraHH3al1HjaMa Taj rrpou.eHaT ~aJieKo Ma!hM. Mory ce HaliM, 11 TO ·He y~ Ma.rroM 6pojy, H TaKBe opramrsa11>1je CorjHjaJIHCTH'!Kor caBe3a pa,!IHOr Hapo,lla- Ha ceJIMMa r)\e HeMa !i-Hj e,11He :>KeHe y o;n;6opy OCHOBHe opraHH3ai:(Yrje. Y CBMM cpecKYrM H rpa,!ICKMM OI\60pYrMa Cou;><jaJJYrCTM"t.!Kor caBe3a pa,u,Hor HapoJ.J;a 2KeHe cy 3acTynJbeHe Her,n;e y Maa.eM Her)\e y BeheM 6pojy. OnrnTa je nojaBa )\a je 6poj :>KeHay o)\6opMMa ocHOBHVIX opraHH3aU.Hj a BellM Hero y ODIUTv.£HCKJ1M li! cpeCKMM o;n;6opHMa ... TaKO, HarrpHMep, y 1952 rOI\Yl:HH y IJ;pHOj ropn y o;n;6op11Ma OCHOBHMX opraHH3aljMja 6npaHO je OKO 14% :>KeHa, a y cpecKe 11 rpa,!ICKe Ol\6ope cBera OKO 9% :>Ke!fa. y 34 Y CJIOB!!HYrjH je y ocHOBHHM opraHn3aljl1jaMa y Hl51 ro1\HHYr 6HJIO 1"[3a6PaHo 23,48% :>Keli:a, a y cpecKeH rp·ai\CKe O,l\6ope 16,77% :>KeHa. ::lKeHe. cy TaKolje 611paHe y cBe rJiaBIie o)\6ope Kao H y CaBe3HH OA6op Cou;HjaJIYrCTwrKor caBe3a ·pa,l\Hor Hapo)\a. JKeue y Caae3y xo.uynucxa Jy?.OCJI..aauje KoMyHMCTH'IE!a rrapTHja JyrocJiaBI1je je 0)\ CBOr ITOCTOjaa.a !IYrTaH.y_ paBHOIIpaBHOGTH :m:.eHa IIOCBefiH- BaJia o36HJbHY rra:>Ka.y "pai\H.j[a Ha crrpoBoljea.y y JKYrBOT TOr rrpHHijYriTa. Ha CBHM CBOjYrM KOH<f>epeHljHjaMa H KOHc rpec11Ma, y MHoro6pcijHHM nporJiacYrMa, pe3oJiyJ4HjaMa, 01\JiyKaMa, y CBOjOj IJITaMIIl1 1 IIOC€6HO y CBOjHM CTaTyTJ1Ma 1\0CJie)\Ho je Yr3pa:>KaBaJia npYrHljYrrrepaBHorrpaBHOCTH :>KeHa . H 1\0CJif'I\HO J<X cnpoBOI\HJia y :>KHBOT, pa3BYrjajyhH cBoj pal\ Ha aKTHBYr3aljYrjH :>KeHa· He CaMO y 6op6H 3a fhi1XOBY paBHOTipaBHOCT, HerO J1 y_ 6op6:i;.r sa OIIIIITa ,n;eMOKpa'l'cKa npaBa CBYrX rpaljaHa. · Y KoMyHHCTMqKoj rrapTMjH JyrocJiaBHje, Ol\ H.eHor OCHYrBaH.a, 6MJie cy yqJiaa.eHe " :>KeHe. Y TOKY paTa y KIIJ, H~ OCHOBY IDJ1XOBOr p"aAa, 6op6eHOCTl1, CBeCTJ1 l1 3aJiara:Eba ITpMMJbe!lO je BeJIMKif 6poj fKeHa, KOje cy BeOMa CM€JIO 113I\H3aHe H Ha pyKOBO,llehe rroJio:>Kaje .• HHje 6Yro pe)\aK ceyqaj ')\a cy CeKpeTap11 OCHOBHI1X rrapTHCKHX opraHH3aljHj a :>KeHe. ,[(acTa BeJIMKH 6poj :>KeHa 6Ho je Ha pyKoBOI\ehYrM IIOJI01KajHMa ·y CpeCKHM, rpa,IJ;CKMM I1 OKpym:HMM napTYI- CKYIM' pyKOBO,ll;CTBJi!Ma, a HapoqJ1TO y opraHJ13au;JifjaMa OKyIIJ1PaHYrX rpa,!IOBa 11 TepYrTopnja, Kao " y opraHM3aljHjaMa y Boj Cljl1. Bpoj .:>KeHa '!JiaHOBa CaBe3a KOMYHI1CTa noBehao ce Hapo'(nuo y rop;J1HaMa r.i:ocne p_aTa, Kao H 6poj )l{eHa Ha pyKOBOAefiMM rroJioJKajMMa y CaBe3y KOMYHMCTa. Y 1948 TOI\HHI1 6J1JIO je yKyn:HO 78.304 :>KeHe qJiaHOBa IlapT11je, Yl:JII1 16,73%, a y 1952 rO)\l1HI1 132.610, HJIJ1 17,41% 0)\ yKyrrHor 6poja '!JJaHoBa IIapT11je y TI1M r0,!111HaMa. (Y Cp6Yrjl1 19,23%, y XpBaTcKoj ·23,37%, y CJioBeHMjl1 31,50%, y BocHI1 l1 XepljeroBI1H11 15,70%, y MaKe)\OHI1jl1 12,87o/o Yl: y IJ;pHOj rop11 20,41% .) KoA Tara ce, y OI\Hocy Ha 1948 ro,!IYrHy, rroBehao rrpo~ u;eHaT :>KeHa qJiaHoi3a CaBesa KOMyHI1CTa y Cp6nj11, X pEaT-. cKoj 11 CJioBeHMju, 1\0K je y BoCHH " Xepu;erOBHHM, MaKe,l10HHjl1 ;-r IJ;pHoj ropYr Taj npou;eHaT orrao. 3* 35 �H.a peny6JIHqKMM KOHrpec~Ma xoj>r cy ·o)l;p:>KaHH 1948 H 1949 rO)l;HHe, Kao " Ha V Konrpecy KIIJ 6JfJIO· je Jf3a6paso yKyrrno 835 :>KeHa )l;eJieraTa HJIH 12% O)l; YKYITHOr 6poja l1'3a6paHHX )l;eJiera'ra:lj:aVI Konrpecy Case3a KOMyHHCTa 3a )l;eJieraTe je H3a6]::iasa ]51 :>Kena 7,5% 011. yxynnor 6poja )l;eJieraTa.' Ha TMM KOHrpecMMa Jf3a6pano je · = y ' n;eaTpaJIHe I - KOMJiiTeTe 1 ' yKyrmo 26 :m:eHa ·Jf.JIH 7,2%. Ha VI Korupecy y l(eHTPaJIHH KOMHTeT >r3a6pairo je 6 :>KeHa HJIH 5,5% (Ha V Konrpecy 3 JfJIJf 4,7%). . :JKena. y cuuOuuaxy Y CBOM IlporpaMy CJfH)l;JfKaTH Jy- ' roc.rraBuje ca,n;p:ace Ha-creJia o paB- norrpaBHOCTM }K€Ha. ilyTe:M_ BaCIIJ1Talba D;€JIOKYITHOr qJiaH- CTBa, H MymKapau;a l1 }l{eHa, Case3 cMH,ll,li!KaTa y.lla}Ke nyae narrope )l;a TO naqe'!~ ynoTrryHoCTJf crrpoBe)l;e y :>KJ<BOT. IIpeMa je)l;HOj aHKeTH CaBe3a CHH)l;J%[KaTa y cTpyKOBHe casme yqJialbeHo je 98,99% CBJ%[X 3arrocJieHHX :>KeHa. Yqernlie :>KeHa y pa)l;y CHH)l;J%[KaJIHHX opraHJ%[3an;J%[ja je 3Ha'!ajno.. Cxopo HeMa-- cHH)l;HKaJIHe rro)l;py:>KnHn;e y xojO:fCY yqJialbeHe " :>KeHe, a )l;a y yrrpaBHOM o)l;6opy rro)l;py:>KHHn;e HeMa HI1 je.l(He ·:aceHe. · KpajeM 1952 rOiiHHe Oil yKyrrnor 6poja qJiaHoBa cHH- · )l;HKaTa 6J%[JIQ je OKO 26% :>KeHa. Y. HcTO. BpeMe 6JfJio je y 6HpanMM opranMMa cHH)l;HKaTa y Cp6HjJ%[ 24,5% :>Kena, y XpsaTcKoj 15%, y CJioBeHHjH 20%, y MaKeiiOHHjH 12%, y l1pnoj ropH 16%. IIpo. ce'!HO 3a 5 peny6JIHKa (6e3 Bocne " XepljerosHHe) y op~ raHe CHH)l;J%[KaTa 6HJIO je 6HpaHO OKO 17,5% :>KeHa .. LKene aKTHBHO pa)l;e J%[ y CBMM )l;pyrHM opraHH3aljJ%[jaMa: y HapOi1HOj OMJia)l;J%[HH, Case3y 6opalja, Case3y paTHJfX BojHHX J%[HBaJIHila, Y)l;py:>Kelby pe3epBHHX o<P"n"pa, opraHH3aljHj aMa Hapop;He TeXHJ<Ke, Kao J%[ y ,11pyrMM cTpyqHHM, KYJITypHHM; rrpocseTHHM, crrOpTcKHM ,z:wyrnTBMMa. HapoqHTY aKTHBHOCT rroxa3yjy :>KeHe y ppraHJ%[3an;HjaMa l(pBenor KpcTa H ,[(pyrnTBa rrpJ%[jaTeJha 11,en;e, rra cy " rro 6pojy aKTHB!mx qJiaHosa Kao " y PYKOBOileliHM opraHHMa THX opraHH3an;Hja qecTO y BeJIJfKOj BeliHHH. 36 1Keue·~y, olnan_uMa · naJpoih-te · e.aacxu· ·u··-opzttHU:.tta· ·iJpymTaenoz ca.a_oynpaaJba10a .1 Y CBHM i10C3i1allllbHM H360pMMa O)l; 1945 roii><He " ilaJhe, yqeiiilie :>KeHa y Jf360pMMa 6HJIO je rOTOBO IIO)l;jei\H3KO yqellihy My.mKapan;a. Pa3JIHKe Koj e cy ~e y TOM norJieily jaBJhaJie KOil rroje)l;J%[HHX H36opa MJ%[HMMaJIHe cy, . · . Y Hapoi\Hoj CKyiTIIITJ%[H" ct>HPJ Jf3a6p:llioj 1945 r. 6HJIO je. y Case3HOM seliy o,n; yxyrrno 347 rrocJiaHHKa 9 :>KeHa, a y Beliy napo)l;a Oil yKyrrno 185 rrocJiaHHKa 13 :>KeHa. Y CxyrrlliTHHJf xoja je H3a6pana 1950 r. 6HJIO je O)l; yxyrrno 405 rrocJiaHHKa CaBe3HOr Belia. 11 :>KeHa a O)l; yxymi:o 215 rrocJiaHHKa Belia napo)l;a 19 :>KeHa. Y napoiiHJfM CKyrriiiTJfHaMa HapO)l;HHX perry6JIHKa 6up3HHX 1950/1951" rD):IJfHe 6JfJIO je Oil YKYIIHO 1.446 IIOCJiaHJfK3 100 _:>KeHa HJIJf 7%. Y Case3HO H3BplliHO _Belie " Jf3BplliHa Belia napOiiHHX · perry6JIJfKa 113a6pano je 1953 rogHHe yxyrrno 168 qJiaHoBa, -og Tor a 9 :>KeHa J1JIJf 5,35%. y M3BpiiiH0 Belie ·l1pHe rope HHje 6upana HH jei\Ha :>Kena. H 36 · opu IIpeMa HerroTrrYlfMM rro;n;all.J1Ma, Ha H360pHMa 3a napoi\He o.n;69pe 1949 11 1950 rO)l;J%[He, Oil yxyrrnor 6poja H3a6paHHX qJiasoBa HapogHHX Oi16opa H3a6pan je CJie)l;eliH rrpoqeH~T :>KeHa no napogHHM.. perry6JIHKaMa: Hapodnu od5opu y Cp6ujH y cpecK,MM, rpaAciu.:tM Ji1, Mec~MM aapo,n;H:MM 6,75% o;a.6oi:n-r~a y XpBaTCKOj y cpecKMM, rpa;a.cKUM M MeC;HMM aapO)J;HHM 8,53% o,II.6op_HMa y CJioBeHHjH y cpecKHM, rpa;a.cxv.tM u Mecav.tM Hapop;HHM 12,Q4% O,II.60pHMa 5,75% y Maxe,n;oaHju y, MeCHMM aapO,!J;HHM o,n;6opMMa y IJ;pHOj ropH y CpeCKJi.IM, rpa,IJ;CKMM J1 MeCHJ1M HapO,!\HHM 14,05o/o o,n;6opHMa 37 �y u36opHM~. 3a, _~ap~~-~e: ~tt:~~pe ·, ~ !952 HP Cp6Mja XpBaTCKa CJioBeHHja BnX MaKe,n;omtja :u;pna ropa r,t?AH~-, 6l;!PC!-~o je:_ Hap·a,rt·HH- o)l;6opM Beha npOH3Boba~a (rpap;cKa H cpecKa~ (rpap;c:Ka 11 cpecKa Beha H' OIIIliT:miCKJ'.I HO) % 'YeynHO OJ.t Tara "YKyrrHO O,n;_ Tara % :m:eHa . ..-E:eHa 2,9107 3.695 2,1 1.001 48.807 '8,2 191 2.385 2,9 498 17.448 8,3 56 672 4,5. 352 7.864 1,4 23 1.677 1,2 155 11.805 1,5 8 560 2,1 120 '5.832 3,3 8 273 96 3,8 2.558 Y rpa,ll;oBm<a je 6MpaH seh11 npoj.1eHaT JKeljCa Hero Y ceJn!Ma o,ll;HOCHO y cpe3DB!1Ma. Taxa Ba np. y Beorpa,ll;y y Behe' HapO,ll;HDr o,zi6opa 6npaHo je 11% JKeHa, y Behe npon3Bolja'!a 8%, y' 3arpe6y y Behe Bapo,ll;Hor O,ll;6opa 11%, y Behe npo113Bolja'!a 24,6%, y Jby6JbaHH l(, Behe Ha. po,ll;Hor op;6opa 22,8%, y Behe npOH3Bolja'Ia 10,6 Yo, Y Cxo. rrJby y Behe Bapo,ll;Hor O,ll;60pa ·5, 7%. MeljyTI1M, saJba BarroMeeyTH ,ll;a je y npocexy npol\eHaT JKeHa 6npaH11X Y Hapo,ll;He o,ll;6ope y. rpa,ll;OBI1Ma 1952 ro,ll;:t<He Malh:t< Hero Ha paH11JHM y(_360p!1Ma. Y Be.JJ11XOM _6pojy -CeOCX>!X OITIIITl1H3 Y HapO:ziHHM op;6op!1Ma -BeMa Bnje,ll;He JKeHe, llp!1JU!XOM >!360pa xaH,ll;H,ll;OBaH je He~pa3MepHO Mann . rrpOI.\eHaT lKeHa y O,ll;HOCY Ha yxyrraH 6pOJ XaH,ll;>!I\OBa/'H~. y caseT!1Ma. Bapo,ll;:irnx Ol'\6opa · rrpol\eBaT ·JK:Ha Je sehn. Taxa Ha rrp. y XpsaTcxoj je o.n; yxyrrBor 6poJa '!naHOBa caseTa Bapo.n;Hm< o,ll;6opa9,3o/o lKeHa, y BoCHH n Xep0 l\eroBnHn 7,7%, y CJioseBnjn 17,6 Yo. . Bpoj :t<3a6paHmi lKeHa cy,ll;nja-nopoTHHKa J13HOCHO je Ba xpajy -1952 r. 5.063 wrr11 10,56% o.n; YKyrrBor 6poja ey0 ;>(nja-nopOTHHKa npeMa 6.012 :t<JIH 12,37 Yo Ha Kpa]y 1947 ro,lJ;HHe. 116 perry6nHKaMa rrpof1eHaT lKeBa-rropoTHnKa Kpehe ce H3MeljylO% H 14% J ,lJ;OK y MaKep;orrnjn H3HOCH csera 5,6%, a y 1.\pHoj ropn 7 Yo. . y pap;y 36oposa 6npa-qa y rpa.n;oBHMa lKeHe no,ll;je.n;HaKO y-qeCTByjy, ,ll;OK je IbHXOBO yqeiiifie Ha 360pOBHMa 6Mpa'!a y ceJI!1Ma pa3JIH'IHTO. y CnoseHHjH je y BehHH>! cena xao H y HeKHM p;pyrHM KP~JeB!:!Ma npH6JIHlK';O Je.n:HaKO yqemhy MYIIIKapal\a, ADK Je y ocTannM KpaJeB><Ma 3HaTHO Malbe. Y seJIHKOM 6pojy .cena lKeHe yorriiiTe He yqecTsyjy Ha 36opOB11M3 6npaqa. 38 ' lloAal\H o H360p11Ma 3a B:apoAHe OA6ope noia3yjy Aa ee rrpOI.\eHaT lKeHa y HapOAHHM OA60p>!Ma MHOrO CM3lb>!O. llpHnH'!HOje pn3H'!HO Bpiii>!TH ynopeljelbe H3Meljy H36opa 1949/50 H 1952 rOAHHe, C o63MpOM Ha TO 1\3 ce· y npB11M Bpiii>!O H360p ITO KaHAH,ll;aTCKHM JI>!CTaMa, a y )lpyrHM ITO noje)li"'Ha'!HHM XaH,ll;HAaTypaMa, H eo63MpOM Ha TO ,ll;a je HenocpeAHO rrpeA nocJieAlhe H36ope H3BpiiieHa' HOBa a.n;M><-· HHCTpaTHBH3 TepHTOpHjaJIHa TIO,ll;ena ca CHCTeMOM OTIIIITHHCK>!X yMeCTO paHHjHx MecHm< Hapo.n;HHX OA6opa. AJin H nope;q Torfi~Mory ce· 3arra3~TH jam? TeH.ZJ;eHI.I;J1je CMaH:.Jiffia:Fba 6poja xaH,ll;>!I\OBaHm< H 6npaHm< lKeHa. Y paHHjeM CI1CTeMy KaHp;Hp;aTCKMX JII1CTa, KOje cy yTsp9HBanH OA60pH Hapo.n;Bor ¢poHTa HHCY MOrna TaKO jaCHO I136J1Tl1 Ha· BJ1)J;€JIO CBa OHa Haja_p;Ha CXB8TaH:.a 0~ JK€Hl1 lif lb€HOM M€CTY y ,z:r;pyiiiTBy, KOja JKJ1B€ y CB€CTJ1 H MYIIIKapal\a 11. :ateHa. IIpeAH36opHa xaMrraffia y H36opnMa 1952 rO,ll;>!He (KaO H OBa CaAa) 0TKpt1Jia je KOnHKO cy, Hapoq:V1TO Ha _CeJiy, ,n;y60KVI K0p€HH TaKBJ1X. CXBaTaH:.a .. Ji1 os.rr;e cy ce Kao ·OCTau;H C'.rapor rrojaBHJie Ha30BJ:i: Teo- p~je o TOMe .rr;a je ·3a :LKeHy Kyha, a He IIOJH1TJ1Ka. Ta ;cxsaTaiDa OTBOp€HO. cy I1CIIOJbaBaJIJi! roTOBO rro,qje,n;HaKO J1 My-· IIIKaPI.\H H lKeHe. Y HeKHM ·KpajeswMa XpsaTcxe "' CnoseRHje OHa Ce HapO'I>!TO TIO,lJ;plKaBajy OA CTpaHe xnepa XOjH, K0p11CT€fiJ1 3aOCTaJIOCT, HaCTOjlif ,z:r;a 3';1,IJ;PLKI1 l1 pa3BJ1je CB.Oj YTYIIJ;aj Ha IIOJIHTH"IKJi! saocTaJie Jby,n;e. Y pe3ynTaTHMa OBHX H36opa He Tpe5~ rneAaTH CaMO sell npe CB~ra jolll ·je.n;aH .n;oKa3 MOM€HTa.nHH ,,Heycrrex", BHIIIe .n;a ce y pa3BHTKY COI.\HjaJIHCTH'!X€ ,ll;eMOKpaTHje -csaKa Ha3ap;Ha nojasa, csaK~ Ha3ap;Ha TeH,n;eHu;Mja jacHMje IIOKa3yje. 0TKp!1Ba:Ebe TaKBMX CTapHX HaCJieijeHMX. CXBa- . ·Taiba H Ha3a.n;HHX TeH.n;eHI.\Hja ',ll;ahe CBHM 6opwma aa cou;njaJIH3aM -HOBOr IIOTCTpeKa 38 CBaKO,JJ;H€BHy, H€ KaMIIa:Fb- 'CKy; Befi yrropHy I1 CHCTeMaTCXY rrOni1TH'!KY 6op6y 3a lb>!XOBO npe0BJia,ll;3Balbe, j ep ynpaBO TH OCTal\H CTapor y CBe·CTH }l:bYI\H npeTcTaBJbajy ,ll;aHac rrpenpexy xoja ce Mopa casJia.n;aTH Ha rryTy H3rpap;Ibe HOBJ1X co:o;HjaJIMCTJ1qKJ1X 01\HOCa y HaiiieM 1\PYIIITBy. 3a o6e36eljelbe paBHOIIpaBHOr TIOnOJKaja lKeHa y rrpOH3BOI\lbH 01\. EeJIHKOr je 3Ha'!aja lb>!XOBO y'!eiiihe y opraB><Ma pai\HH'!xor CaMOynpaBJbalba. 0 CBHM 611TH11M DHTalbHMa KOja CY P~duu-tt?<:u caseTu. 39 �op; miTepe.ca 3a npo113Bolja<Je,. Kao l1 o TII1Talbi1Ma .Koja cy op;· nenocpep;nor HnTepeca 3a pap;ny :>Keny (KBaJI11cp~Ko­ sa.The JK€Ha, xH'rvrjeHCKO-T€XEH"t!Ka, 3aiDTJ1T~, -pa3BHJalbe p;e<Jj>:I:l{ ycTanosa, ycTaH.ooBa APY!I1TBenor cmnp;app;a) op;Jiy<Jyjy caMH npo113Bolja<JI1. IIpeMa TOMe, II.OJIO:>KaJ :>Kene. Y np-e,D;y3efili1Ma; f{aO I1 ITOJIO.}J{aj CBMX_ :JiaHO~a KOJI€,KTJ1Ba y CBaKOM KOHKpeTHOM IIpe,!ly3efiy y HaJBeftOJ Mep11 3aBJ1CI1 o,n; cTeneHa pa3BMj8HOCT:t1: pa;rutJ·:rqKor caMoyrrpaa.rr:,alba a_ op; auxosOI' pa3yMemiaa M 3aJiara:aa 3a nop;11~aae p;pyIIITBeHor CTaH,n;ap,n;a. ., Y<Jeruhe :>Kena y opran11Ma pap;HH'IKOr caMoynpasJbaaa Maae je op; y<Jeruha :>Kena y np0113BO)J;lbl1. Y pai\HH'!Ke caBeTe. na H35opHMa 1952 rop;HHe H3a6pano je: J135opw.3a · opral!e ynpas.ThaH.a y . . . COD;HJ aJIHOM ocurypaay npsM nyT cy O)J;p:lKaHl%1 y 1\PYFOJ ITOJIOBUHU 1952 r.'. . ..... . · Co1Juja.auo oi:uzypd,.e · IIpeMa pacrroJIO:lKHBMM· nop;anHMa o TJ1M U366pHMa, npou;enaT H3a5panux :>KeHa y cKynrnTuHaMa 11 113BpillHJ1M o!l5opHMa seoMa je Mairl1' y"oiiiiocy aa yiyrrali 5poj u3a5panux, Kao U y 0/lHOCy Ha yKyTiaH Opoj :>KeHa OCUrypaHl1Ka. Y o5a cJiyqaja 611pano je 11cnop; 5% :>Kena. • · OsaKaB O)J;HOC npeMa l135opy >.reHa y opraHe conujaJIHor oc:nrypaiba, a H He,n;oBOJhHa saJ.rnT.epecoBaaocT. caMMX ?'K€Ha, HeMa HJ.rn:aKBOr Orrpas,n;alba, IIOTOTOBy Ka,z:t: ce 3Ha p;a :>Kene HHa<Je noKa3yjy BeJIUKH HHTepec 3a pap; .Ha nnTREhMMa COI.l;J·1jaJ:IHe 3alliTMT€, H Ka,D; C€ 3Ha ,D;a Ce HP Cp5>rja XpeaTcKa Cnosem1ja B>rX MaKep;oHuja D;paa ·rot>a <PHPJ ·· Ji:I3a5paao "'JiaHOBa pa;n;H:MqKor faBeTa YKyrrHo O,n; Tara :>K~Ha o/o :m:eHa - 53.655 38.792 28.720 21.279 11.292 3.556· 157.294 6.172 6.162 6.252 2.195 771 475 22.027 11;5 16,0 2!,8 10,3 7,0 13,4 14,0 OH.HM y KOjHMa -CY- :m::eHe ·Y- Belil1HM, -J1aKO 3a TO ~eMa H_J1-. KaKBUX orrpaBilaHux pa3JIOra. KapaKTepucTuqHo Je Ha rrp. p;a je y 120 aHKeTupaHux rrpep;y3eha TeKCTMJIHe HHp;ycTpnje 113a5paao y paAH'j'IKe caseTe csera 37,7% :>Ken':: uaKO npou;eHaT 3aiiOCJ!eHUX :>KeHa y TeKCTI1JlH'!J\[ npep;y 3 eis.uMa npeJia3M 60% y OAHocy Ha yKynan 5poJ paAHUJ<:a. "?' ynpaBHHM op;5opuMa npel:(y3eha npou;eH~T :>KeHa HUJKM j e Hero y pap;HI1'IKI1M caseTHMa. . y HeKUM npep;y3ehi1Ma :>KeHe o6asJI.aJy u cpyHKu;uje p;HpeKTOpa. , . . . o53upoM Ha yJiory paAHUqKJ1X caseTa, Aa.Jbu pa3BHTaK pai:(HU'IKOr caMoynpasJbaaa 3axTeBa JOill ]aqe yqernfie JKeHa y pa,n;HM't!KJ1M caBeTHMa, a Hapo-q:wro y OHHM rprutaMa UH)l;YCTpUje y.KOj11Ma cy rrpeTe:lKHO 3aiiOCJieHe ~eHe. 40 Kp03 IIITBeHe 3aiiiTMTe 3anoc.neHl1X )KeHa 11 3aiiiTMTe nopo,n::t1~e. 3e.uJbopaduu'lJ:'Ke sadpy 2 e Y pyKoBO)lehHM opraHHMa oriruTux 3eM.n:,opa,U:HWIKMX sa,n;pyra, Kao / M ceJbaqxYJ:x pa.n;HJ1x sa,zwyra,. :>Kene 11Majy He3HaTnor yp;eJia. MaKo je npou;enaT :>KeHa 't!JiaHOBa Kap;a ce y3MY y o53Hp CBI1. o5jeKTMBHI1 pa3JI03M (p;oMahMHCTBO I1 en.), MOrJIO 6l%! Ce <JaK pefil%1 p;a Je 6pOJ :>KeHa, Koje ce npHXBaTajy p;a pap;e y pai\HH'IK11M. caseTMMa, peJiaTHBHO BHCOK; A.nM J1 .os,u;e ..Tp.e6a_ yKa3aTJ1 Ha HeraTMBHe nojase Koje ce McrroJI.asajy y TOMe 11a ce y rrpep;y3eh11Ma 'tfecTO J136erasa KaH,n;l1,n;oBa:Ehe ·l1 611pmne }KeHa, rra M _ . Y 6aiii cou;11jaJIHO ocHrypaae peruasajy najBa:lKHHja nHTa>na 1\PY" y OIIIIITMM 3€M.IbOpa~J1qKJ-iM 3a,Iij)yi'aMa M3HOCJ10 ll3llap; 25%, a y Ce.J:ba<JKI1M pap;H11M 3ap;pyraMa I13HOCU U U3Hap; 50%, nponenaT >.reHa y ynpaBHHM O)l5opHMa 3ap;pyra je MHHHMaJiaH, u He npeJia3l1 2% Oil yKynnor 6poja '!Jianosa op;6opa~ 'Y'Iernhe :>Kena na CKYlliiiTHHaMa OlliTITHX 3eMJI.opap;HH'IKUX 3ap;pyra je ileoMa MaJio, 1\0K je y ceJbaq" KI1M pap;HJ1M 3ap;pyraMa Belie, Ma)l;a H'e o,r(rosapa y)leJiy . . KOJ u :>KeHa MMa y 3ap;py:>KHOJ npoM3BO)l;H>l1; ' _..,.~ JKeHe,. p;aKJie, yqe~TByjy y CB!<MIIOCTOje.fiJ1M OpraHHMa p;pyruTBenor caMoynpaBJI.aaa. l\IIeljyTHM, Kao u KO/l yqe" ruha :>KeHa y pap;y opraHa Hapop;He BJiacTM, y' sehoj MepM Hero IIITO je o·o cJiy<Jaj K0/1 y<Jeruha :>Kena y pagy APY" IIITBeHH,I< M.IIOJIHTH'IKHX opraHM3anu.ia p;oJia3e p;o 113pa3a CBI1 cy5j eKTUBHI1 MOMeHTH KOjH YCJIOBJbasaj y p;aJieKO Ma>nH npou;eHaT y<Jeruha :>Kena y opraHHMa p;py.lliTsenor c-aMoynpaBJbarba HerO liiTO TO ,l1;?3BOJbaB_ajY: O~jeK~I1BH€ MoryhHoCTH. 41 I �Pad -ua %y.n,xyp-uo-npocaeT'UO.M. y3du3a1by ·~ena · Pa3BHTaK ):\eMoxpanrje y ·JyrocJiaBHjH, yqemlie H€II0Cp€,!1HHX npoH3BO!jaqa y ynpaBJhaH>y <Pa6pHKaMa n rrpe,!ly3elinMa, pa3BHTaK caMoyrrpaBHHX opraHa n cae mnpe yqewlie rpaljaHa y pa,!ly opraHa Haporore BJIBCTH 3aXTeBa HeCyMH>HBO rpaHenuc.Me1WCT ljaHe KOjM nope;n; BJ1COKe noJrHTM't!K8 CB8CTJ1 HM.ajy I1' Bli:ICOK cTerreH orrmTe xyJIType. KyJITypHa 3aocTaJiocT Kojy cMo HacJie,!\HJIH O.!\ 6namnx HeHapO,!IHHX pe>KJ1Ma rrpeTcTaBJha o6jeKTHBHY CM€TH>Y 3a pa3BHTaK COr(HjaJIUCTW,Ke ,!1€MOKpaTHje, rra cy cTora Ha pemaaaH>y Tor APYlliTBeHor rrpo6JieMa pa,!I)'!JIH n pa,!le He caMO opraHI! Hapo,!~He BJiaCTII, Hero :vt MH0ro6pojHe ,z::r;pyiiiTBeHe M noJIMTJ1-qKe opraHH3a- . r(l!je. ¥ ):\oca;ziamH>eM pa,!ly yJIO>KeHH cy orpoMHI! Harropn n aeJIHKa MaTepnjaJIHa cpe,!ICTBa ,!Ia ce rro):\Hrne OII!IITI! KYJITYPHII HHBO Hapo,!la. AHTH<f:>awncTH'IKI! <f:>poHT >KeH<i n ,!~pyre op.raHH3ar(nje yJIO:lKHJie cy BeJIHKe Harrope Ha IIO,!IH3~IDY KYJITypHo-npocB~THor Hl1Boa :m:ena noce6Ho, c o63H_poM .Ha TO Aa cy ~eHe y JyrocJiaBHjll, ycJieA rroJio>Kaja KOjH cy 3ay3HMBJI€ y npe,!lpaTHOj JyrOCJIBBHjH, y npoceKy HB.HI!:lKeM KyJITypHOM HHBoy. IIpeMa norrncy cTaHOBHHlliTBa H3 1931 r. y 6HBmoj JyrocJiaBl1jl1 je rrpbu;eHaT 'HeiiMCM€Hl1X• CTaHOBHMKa J13Ha,n; 10 r. cTapocTH ,H3HOCHO yKyiiHo 44,6%, rrpoJ.1eHaT HerrHcMeHnx MywKapa1.1a OHO je 32,3% ,. ,!IOK je rrpor(eHaT HerrHcMeHHX >KeHa H3HOC!fO 55,4%. IIpeMa H€KJ1M no,!lar(J<Ma rrpor(eHaT HerrHcMeHnx y 1940 r. 6no je seliH Hero 1931 r. ITo perry!'iJIHKaMa npor(eHaT HerrncMeHHX 6no j e BpJio pa3JIH'IHT. Ha Tepi!TOpHjH HP CJioseHHje y 1931 r. rrpoJ.1eHaT HeiiHCM€HHX H3HOCHO je CBera 5,5% (5,8o/o >K€Ha H 5,3o/o MywKapaJ.1a), ,!\OK je Ha TepnTopnjn BacHe "Xep1.1eroaHHe H3HOCHO 70% · (84% >KeHa H 56,6% MYIDKapa1.1a), a Ha Kocosy " MeTOXHjH 84,2% (93,9% >KeHa " 74,5% MYIUKapar(a). J om y TOKY paTa opraHif aapOI\He BJiaCTH, Kao H je11>~HHI.1e HapO,!IHOOCJio6oAHJia'l:Ke· BojcKe OTIIO'IeJII! cy 6op6y rrpoTHB aerrHCMeHOCTH. Y XpaaTcKoj je, Ha rrp!1Mep, 1943 r. pa,!I>~JIO Ha ocJio6oljeaoj TepnTopt!j>~ 150 aaaJI<f:>a6eTCK>IX Te'Iajesa, a 1944 r. 250, 110K ce rrpeA xpaj paTa Taj 6poj rrorreo aa 421. Y BoeHM H Xep11eroBHHH je caMo H3- 42 Meljy l H II 3ABH0BHX-a Kp03 aHaJI<f:>a6eTcxe Te'Iajese OIIHCM€Ib€HO OKO 20.000 JhY,!IH. . ITO OCJIOOOljeH>y OpraHH30BaHa je 'lliHpOKB KaMIIalba 3a 6op6y rrpOTHB ·HerrHcMeHoCTH. Kpoo aHaJI<f:>a6eTcxe Teqajese xoje cy opraHH30BaJIH opraHH HapOijHe BJiaCTII, Ha" .po,!IHa OMJia11HHa H AHTH<f:>amHCTH'IKH <f:>poHT >KeHa rrpomJio je rrpexo 1,850.000 JhY.!\H. IIpor(eHaT >KeHa Ha THM Te'IajeBHMa 6Ho je 3HaTHO BeliH y 0/1Hocy Ha yxyrraH 6poj rroJia3HHKa. Taxa je 1948 roAHHe Te Te'l:ajeae noxaljaJio 70,6% :lK€Ha y 1949 rO):\HHH 66,8o/o. IIope,!l aaaJI<f:>a6eTCKHX Te'Iajeaa,opraH>~3al\Hja AHTH~ <f:>amHCTH'IKOr <f:>pOHTa >K€Ha, JlpB€HH KpCT KaO >! ijpyre . oprBH>I3aJ.1>Ije OTBapaJie cy Ha XHJhB,!Ie npocBeTHHX Te'l:aiesa 3a OH€ KOjH Cy Hay'IHJIH ):\a 'IHTajy H rmmy, a Ha KOJHMa cy Ce CT>ll\aJia HajOCHOBHHja 3HaH>a .. Y crrex KaMnaiDe 3a, orrucMeiDasa:s:.e MO:>Ke ce ,u:oHeKJie r(€HHTH rrpeMa IIO/jar(HMa H3 IIOIIHCa CTBHOBHHlliTBB 1948 r. xojH j e o6asJheH y jexy Te KaMIIaH>e. llpeMa Tl1M noija1\HMa YKYIIBH rrpO!jeHaT H€IIHCM€HHX CMalbHO C€ Ha 34,4 o/o H TO rtpor(eHaT HerrncMeHI!X MywKapar(a Ha 15·,4%, a rrpo" ·r(eHaT H€IIHCM€HWX >K€H8. HB 34,4%,. · · ~ 30paaCTeeuo npocaeh.usa1be 3,!\pascTBeHa · cey>Koa y . oHBwoj · JyrocJiaBMjlii, HapoqMTo· Ha ·ceJiy, OHJia je Hepa3anjeHa. BHJIO je HH3 cpe3osa r):\e yorrwTe HHj e OHJIO JieKapa. Hapo'l:nTo j e cJia6 0 6v!Jla pa3snjeHa xnrHjeHcKa CJIYJK6a, rra je 3,!\paBCTBeHa KyJITypa 6nJia Ha spJio HHcKoM cTynH>y. Y OijHOCY Ha 1939 TO,!\HHY 3,!\pBBCTBeHa CJiy;m:6a j e IIOKa3aJia OrpOMBH -HB!Ip€):\aK. 0B,!I€ lieMO ce 3a,!lp:>KaTH. C.BMO HlJ. OHHM 3,!\p.BBCTB€HJ1M ycTaHOBaMa KOje )l;Hp€KTHO YTW<Y Ha riO,!IH3aH>e 3p;pasJha H 3,!\paBCTBeHe KYJIType >KeHe " ,!leTeTa. Pa3BHTaK ycTaHoaa 3a 3,!\paBCTBeey 3BlliTHTY JKeHe· M- ,u:eTeTa. K})eTao _·ce KaKo cJie,n;H: 'Y,c·TaHO·Ba 1939 1952 112· 471 90 2 96 19 3 105 ,n;~cnaH3epa 3a Majxe 13 27 Jiopo,n;nJirupTa · H aeyu;tepc;K,a .o.n;eJbeJba y 5oJIHJ.!QaMa -· · , 67. 339 41 301i ,!J;McnaH3epJ::t ·H caseTOBamruiTa· ·3a ;o;eqy IliK:OJICKe aM6yJiaHTe J1 ITOJIHKJIHHMKe KyxJ.fH>e .3a ,ZJ;OjeHtra.n; · ;IJ;e-qje jaCJie · ,!l;e"t!je '6hJIHMI{e H ;ZJ;e'<rja1 o,u;eJbelba Y OIIII:ITY~r~t'- 60JIW1~aMa 43 �, Hanopn Ham(' 3aje):IHn"e y pa3BHjaH.y 3f1PaBCTBeHHX ycTaHOBa, noce5HO ycTaHOBa 3a 3aiiiTJ1TY MajKe H ,n;eTeTa, noKa3yjy HecyMH.:irey 6pnry ;n;a ce pa):IHoj :>KeHH rpa;n;a H ceJia npy:>Ke yCJIOBH 3a ·mTO IIOTIIYHHjy 3aliiTHTY H.efior 3;n;paB.Jba H 3;n;paB.Jba H.eHe ;n;e"e. Pa3BHTaK OIIlliTHX MaTepnjaJIHHX CHara fiPYliiTBa KOjH CMO Beli IIOCTHrJIH OMOryJiyje ;n;aHac jorn rnnpn pa;n; Ha pa3BHjaH.y pa3HOBpCHHX oBaKaB Ha'tfl%1H s,zwaBCTBeHor npocaeliMBaH::.a, na ra -H ,n;aHac, cnpoBo;n;e ycnernHo. IIope;n; KaMIIalbe 3a om<cMelbaBalbe, je~~:l!a 011: HajKpynnajnx H HajMacoBHHjMX aKL\Hja 3a rrpoCBeliHBa!be ycTaHOBa 3a 3,Iq>aBCTB€Hy 3aiiiTHTY 2K€He J1 p;eTeTa. KOjH Tpajy 1\Be rD;D;HHe 3a BpeMe 3HMCKMX Mece">r, y<re ce' rrpe/IMeTa: XHrHjeHa, rrpBa IIOMOJi, 6op6a npOTHB 3a{ia3HHX 6oJieCTM, HCXpaHa H Hera o;n;oj'Ia/IH. IlpBy TO/IHHY THX Te'IajeBa noxal)aJio je npeKo 200.000 OMJia/IHHKH n 3aBprnrt.rro· rrpBy ro;n;HHy. 0Ko 186.000 rrpHMepaKa yr;6eHHKa 3a oBe Te'IajeBe rnTaMrraHo je H rro;n;e.JbeHo 3a noJia3HJ1:Qe. 0 ycrrexy OBHX Te'l!ajeaa cae,n;o't.fH n qliiFheHnu;a· ,n;a MX je noceh:vmaJio J1 MHOrO CT8pMjJ1X JKeHa, KOje HMCY 6JiiJie 05aBe3H€ p;a JifX noxal)ajy. Y I:~eJIHHa y3eBrna, OBH Te<rajeBH cy HMaJIH orpo~ MaH YTJ1:Qaj Ha :>KHBOT ceocKe :>KeHe H ceocKe nopO/IHQe. BeJIHKH 6poj OMJiaAHHKH Koje "cy 3aBp!IIHJie Te<rajeBe YK.Jby<rno ce y 3/lpaBCTBeHe aKTHBe Il;pBeHor KpCTa Ha ceJIHMa. ,lJ;a.JbH CWCTeMaTCKH pal\ Kp03 OBe Te'Iajese ,!J;OIIpHHehe jOlii BHllie TIOI\H3alby 3/lpaBCTBeHe R;YJITYPe Ha Ha- ·t OpraHH3a"nje AHTHcparnn.cTwmor cppoHTa JKeHa cy, y capa;n;H.H ca opraH!rna Hapo;n;Hor 3;n;paB.Jba, pa3BHJie runpoKy HHH"HjaTHBY H pa;n; Ha 3;n;paBCTBeHOM IIpOCBeliHBalby :>KeHe. Je;n;aH o;n; rJiaBHm<: 3a;n;aTaKa Koje je III Kompec AH·· THcpalliHCTH<!KOr <f>pOHTa :>KeHa· IIOCTaBHO 6HJIO je H rrpo~ cs,elumalbe- 1KeHa. Kpo3 MHoro6pojHe Teqajese, ceMHHape, npe,n;aBalba 11 l13Jio:m:6e, 6MocKoncKe .npeTcTase, xoje cy opraHH30BaJie opra>,m3a"Hje AHTHcparnHCTH<rKor cppoHTa :>KeHa, Il;pBeHH KpcT, Hapo;n;Hl%1 yHHBep31%!TeTH 3a 3;D;paBc cTBeHo rrpocsehJfBaiUe, Xli!rvrj eacKvr 3aBo,n;n J1 ,rwyrH ·opra;m1 3f1PaBCTBeHe cJiyJK6e, nparnao je orpoMaH 6poj JKeHa, Hapo<rHTO >ja. CeJiy HCTeKao OCHOBHe IIOjMOBe H3 Xl%!rHjeHe 1%! Here ;n;e"e. 0CHM Tora, Il;pBeHH KpCT J1 opraHH 3;LJ;paBCTBeHOr rrpocBeliHBalba rnTaMnaJII%! cy BeJIHKH 6poj 6pomypa 1%! n.rrakaTa aaMe:EbeHnx orrmTeM 3,npascTseaoM npoc~eliM­ Balby a noce6Ho 3f1PaBCTBeHOM npocBeliHBalby :>KeHa, . Ha HHa"ajaTHBY AHTacparnacTH<IKOr cppoHTa :>KeHa Y TOKY 1951 ro;n;HHe opraHH30BaHe cy noce6He 31\paBCTBeHe eKMne, y3 nyHy capa;n;Iby Mei\11:QHHCKor Ka;n;pa, Koje cy o;n;"' JI3.3HJie Ha ceJia,_ TaMo ce 3a,n;p:m:aBaJie. ;n;y::m.e_ speMeHa' :i1: rroy<raBaJie ::>KeHe H oCTaJie yKyliaHe o Ha<rHHY o;n;p:>KaBaH.a 'IHCTOJie y Kyli\1:,. 0 He3H H HCXpaHH /l:eTeTa, 0 KyBaH.y H cnpeMalby xpaHe, y><;a3HBalby npBe !loMOiil%1 HT/1:. Hapo'IHTO ·, 3Hil<rajHe pe3yJITaTe nocTHrJie cy · eKnne ·y AyToHoMHoj KocoBcK'o-MeToxncKoj 06JiaCTH y KOjl1ll!a cy y'IeCTBoBaJie '"JI~e A<P)K, Mel\M"mtcKe cecTpe H 6a6H"e H3 Cpc , 6Hje, XpBaTcKe w CJioBeHnje, nope;!\ :>KeHa ca KocoBa w MeToxnje. EKHne cy o6aBaJie HH3 np:;tKTH'!HHX. pa)\oBa Y3 nOMDii .lbY/I:H H3 ceJia: Kpe<reH.e Kylia, ypeljelbe 1\BOpHIDTa, npo6Hj albe rrpo3opa, ypel)elbe ljy6pHIDTa HT/1. Y HeKHM MeCTHMa y Cp6HjH eKHIIe cy npHIDJie, H3rpa;n;Ibl%! KynaTHJia, .rrepHJia, rryTeBa, rreKapa " cJIH<IBHX o6jeKaTa. J1cTospeMeHO: OHe···cy BO}l;HJI€ aHKeTe· 0 ,YCJIOBUMa }Kl1BOTa ~~OCKe rropop;J1:Qe, rroce6HO :a<eHe .. MHorn cpe3osn rrpnxBaTHJIH cy 44 CeOCKHX 2K€H8 cy H o6aB€3HM TeqajeBM 38 3):ij>8BCTB€HO npocseliH~a:EDe ceocKe 1KeHcKe OMJia,n;I1He, KOjM cy oTrro<reJIH. ca pa~~:oM yjecea 1952 ro~~:HHe. Ha OBHM Te'IajeBHMa,' IlU1M ceJIMMa. OpraH>r3a"Hje AHTHcparnHcTH<rltor ci>POHTa :m:eHa, Kao 11: rioce6Ha :>KeHcKa fiPYliiTHa Koja cy ce rro<reJia ocHHHaTH riocJie III KoHrpeca AHTHcparnncTH<IKor cppoHTa :>KeHa 1950 rD/IHHe, pa3BHJie cy rnapoK pa11 Ha npocBeliHBaH>y >KeHa y /IOMaliHHcTBy. Kpo3 KypceBe H ceMHHape y TOKY 1952 rD/IHHe npoiiiJIO je HeKoJn1KO XMJha,n;a :m:eHa.· Oaaj ·Haqvm rrpocaehHBalba wMa 3a "".Jb 11a ceocKoj rropo;n;n">< rroMome y 3aBol)eH.y paL\HOHaJIHOr eKOHOMHCalba, ;n;a ;n;a HHJ1:QMjaTMBY sa nb6oJOIIIalhe cT8.H6eHHX · ycJioBa, 3a pasanjaH:ie Mpe:ace ,l{o.«:ah.uncTao KOMyH8JIHJ1X YCTa.HOBa·, )];8 II060Jhlll8 l1CXpaHy, p.a3BJ1je XM- rHjeHCKe HaBHKe, Hayqn MajKe rrpaBHJIHOM 0/ITOjy 11e"e; " KaKo 3a crrpoBol)eH.e ·oBor Ha<rwHa rrpocBelinBalba He;n;oCTaje IIOTPe6aH cTpy<rHH Ka11ap, TO je Ha HHJo!L\HjaTHBY opraHH3aL\Hja AHTHcparnHCTH<rKor cppoHTa ::>KeHa y TOKY 1952 rO,D;HH€ OTBOpeHO H€KOJIJ1KO yqJiiT€JbCKJ1X ,J1.:,D;OMafiHqKJi1X lliKOJia. Y XpsaTcKoj " CJioBeHajH Bprne ce rrpHIIpeMe 3a OTBapa!be BHUlHX /IOMaliH<IKHX lllKOJia y paHry JlHUle rre~~:a­ rOliiKe WKOJie .. OcHM Tor a, AHTHcpamncTw<rKH, cppOHT :>Keia . 45 �• ,n;ao je l1;HJ<l.ll1jaTI1BY 3a. ocHMBa>he 3aBo,n;a 3a .yHailpeljeihe · ,n;oMahMHCTBa. M y rpa,n;oal1Ma je oCHoBaHo ;aeKOJrnKO ,n;pyrnTaBa KOja ce 5aBe rrpo5JieMMMa y;aarrpeljeiha ,n;oMahH;a·CTBa y rpa,n;y. CaB oBaj -pa,n; Ha rrpocBehMBaihy y ,n;oMahMHCTBY " IheroBoM y;aarrpeljeihy l1Ma 3a D;HJb ,n;a oJiaKrna pa,n;Hoj :>KeHH ci6aBJba}be ,D;OMafiHX IIOCJIOBa H TJ1Me· j oj CTBOpH IIOBOJbHHj e ·ycJioae 3a rnupy" caecTpaHHjy aKTHBHOCT y gpyrnTBeHo~i :lKJ1BOTy. Bop5a Hapo,n;a JyrocJiaBHje 3a cJio5ogy 11 HaD;HOHaJIHY He3aBHCHOCT, sa -·HOBH_ .;qpyiDTB€HJ1 CJ1CT€M J1 II06eAa l13BO:"' jeaaHa y Harnoj Hapo,n;;aoj peBOJiyD;HjM ocJio6o,n;HJia je lKeHe JyrocJiaBHje _lhHXOBOr nOT'II1lheHor noJio>Kaja KOjH cy J1MaJie y 6rmrnoj Kam<TBJIHCTW!Koj J yrocJiaBHjM. J eg;aa 011 TeKOBHHa Harne PeaoJiyl\Mje je 11 paa;aorrpaBHOCT :>KeHa. 'YIIpKOC CBJ1M TelliKOhaMa . ____: o6j eKTJ1BHJ1M H cy6j eKTJIBHJIM - ca KOjHMa ce :>KeHe 5ope, yiipKOC HaCJieljeHe 3aocTaJIOC'l'Jif Koja Te:mu .n;a JKe:Hy o,n;sy-qe HaTpar, 3axsaJDyjyhu cBec;aoj aKTHBHOCTH gpyrnTaa, y npBoM pe,11y caMHX :>KeHa, IIOCTHrHyTM .cy )10 gaHaC 3Ha'!ajHH pe3yJITBTJ1 Ha pasBMj alb y ·IIOJIJi:ITJ'I"LIKe cseCTM JKeHa :11 Ha ~:nxosoM YKJb y·q]i!Baffiy y aKTJiiBaH -CB3KO;z:J;H€BHlif IIOJIJiiT:w.IKJf J1 ,n;pyiiiTB€Hlif JKMBOT. Macosao yqernhe :m:eHa rpa,n;a 11 ce.rra, · :m:eHa· cs11x ,n;pyrnTBeHJIX CJIOjeBa y CBI1M 3Ha'!ajHHjl1M II()JIHTH'IKHM ,n;oraljajHMa (H360pl1, 350p0BH, K()HcpepeHijHje, MJITJIH3H, · MaHHcpecTai1Hje - rnTo ce y rrepHo,n;y rrpe paTa HHje ;!(aJio HH 3aMHCJIJITH JIJIJ1 je 6HJJ:a peTKOCT), BeJIJ1KH rropaCT 5poja :>KeHa Koje caMOCTamio rrpMBpeljyjy y ogHocy Ha CTa>ne rrpe paTa, OCTBapeHa MOryfiHOCT ,n;a :>KeHe IIO,D; je;!(HaKI1M ycJIOBHMa · MOry 06aBJbBTH CBe IIOJIJITJI'!Ke H ,n;pylliTBeHe cpyHKI\Mje, yqernhe :>KeHa y pa,n;y caux opraHa Hapo,n;He BJiacTM n opraHa caMoyrrpaBJbaiha, y-qernhe :>KeHa y pa,n;y CBHX rroJIHTH'<KHX H gpyrnTBeHHX opraHH3all"ja " y Ihl1XOBI1M PYKDBO,D;CTBI1Ma, cBe,n;o'<H o TOMe ;!(a cy :lKeHe JyrocJiaBMje rroCTJ:<rJie ;aecyMihi1Be ycnexe y ocTBaprmaH>y ,n;pylliTBeHe paBHOIIpaBHOCTH. 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Ha Toj cy OCHOBI1 VI Ko!j:rpec CaBe3a KOMYHHCTa, Kao 11 IV KoHrpec Coi1HjaJII1CTI1'<KOr caBesa pag;aor ;aapoga pa3MaTpaJIJ1 IIp06JieMe paBHOIIpaBHOCTH 1K€H€, J1 npe,n; CE€ CBOje opraHJ13ar(Hje l1 'IJiaHOBe IIOCTBBHJIJI KaO je,n;aH O,D; 47 �3a,l1aTaKa ,11a pa3BHjajy CBaKO,l1HeBHy ·ynopHy H CHCTeMaTCKY rroJIHTHqKy 6op6y hpoTHB CBHX HeraTHBHHX H coi(HjaJIH3MY TyJ:jHX CXBaTaH>a YW\HOCY Ha >KeHy, Ha H>eHO MeCTO H yJIOry y -HallleM COI(HjaJIHCTHqKOM·•I1PYlllTBy. Ha. Toj ocHOBM je M IV Kollrpec 4HTMcpampcTuqKor cppoHTa >KeHa (OcHMBaqRa cRyrrmTHHa CaBe3a >KeHcKMX 1\PYlllTaBa) pa3ll!raTpao rrpo6JieMe ,llaJber pa,lla >KeHCKMX oprarrl13ai(Mja, }Ia je y cRJia,l1y c THM.. ,110Heo H OAJIYKY o rrpecTaHKy pa,11a ArrTMcpamHcTHqRor cppoHTa >KeHa M O,liJIYRY o CTBapaH>y CaBe3a >KeHCKMX 11PYlllTaBa. lloJia3ehl1 011 Bell. ocTBaperrHx pe3yJITaTa y 6op611 3a II0/1113aH>e rro. JII1THqKe CBeCTI1 >KeHa 11 OCTBapeHHX pe3yJITaTa y IIOrJiel\y yqemha >KeHa y 1\PYlllTBeHoM >KI1BOTy, K!onrpec je CMaTpao 1\a 61;( ,11aJbe IIOCTOjaH>e jei\He TaKBe CBeo6yxBaTHe 11 I(eHTpaJIH3oBaHe >KerrcKe opraHI13ai(11je ca 113pa3MTO rroJII1TI1qKJ1M KapaKTepbM, 611Jia cMeTH>a 3a /Iallie YKJI>yqi1Balbe :m:eHa y IIOJU1TJ1qKJ1 M p;pyrnTB€Hlii :aHfBOT, rrope,r:t .QCTaJIOr 11 360r TOra lllTO 6H. y J13B€CHOj Mep11 11 y opraHI1• 3aD;J1j 1/.Ma Coi(I1ja.JII<cTu=or caBe3a pa,l\Hor napo,11a, Kao 11 y ,11pyr11M ,11pymTBeH11M opraH113ai(I1j aMa OTYITJbi1BaJio 6op6y 3a pa3BI1jaH>e paBrrorrpaBHI1X O,l1HOCa M3Meljy MymKapi(a 11 Mary O,liHrpaTH 11 caMH rpaJ:jaHH opraHI136Ba:Hu y rroce6Ha IIPYlllTBa 3a pemaBa!he caCB11M o):lpeJ:jeHHX, KOHKjJeTHMX rrpo6JieMa M3 ·THX o6JiaCTM:· CTora je KoHrpec rrperropyq11o ):laJbe CTBapa!he · rroce6HMX -- ·,llpymTa~a opraHM30Bamix rrpeMa rrp06JieMI1Ma KOjH ITOCTOje y O):lpeljeHOM CeJIY, cpe3y, rpa,11y, rra rrpeM:a TOMe J)a3JIM"'HTMX ITO 3a):lai(I1Ma M ca):lp>KMHI1 CBOra pa,11a. J1aKO y IIO'leTKY 11HMI(I1jaTHBa 3a CTB'apa!he .TaKBHX APYlllTaBa, ITO TOMe jep ce pai\M o pemaBa!hy ,crreu;Hqn:1'tfill1X" npo6JieMa xeHe, Majxe·H ,n;eTeTa,· Tpe6a .n;a rrpuna;qHe )KeHaMa, Ta _fUJYillTBa H8MI1HOBHO he aerp;e 6p>Ke Her):le ciTopHje, yrrope,11o ca pa3BwjaH>eM cBeCTH 11a ce M os):le pa):IM d OIIlllTI1M 11PYlllTBeHI1M rrpo6JieMMMa, npepacTaTI1 y orriiiTa 3ajei\HI1qKa APYlllTBa H MymKapai(a " >KeHa, YIIPY>KeHMX y 3aje):IHw=oj 6op6H 3a caBJialji1BaH>e TelllKOfia KOj e :11 H OM C€KTOpy CTOje Ha nyTy M3rpa,l1Ibe COI(HJ aJIH3Ma. 3aj ei\H a n . 11TJ1qKa '6op6a CBHX Harrpe):IHHX crrara APYlllTBa 3a Y'IBpmheH>e H pa3BMTaK coi(Mj aJIMCTM"!Ke ):leMOKpaTHje, rra rrpeMa TOMe M 3ajeijHM'lKa 6op6a 3a CTBapHy paBHonpaBHOCT ::m::eHa, xao J1 3aje,n;HJ1qxa I1JIH rroce6:aa 6op6a >KeHa 3a pemaBa:lbe OHI1X IIHTaH>a Koja cy· rrpBeH- 2K8He Ha CBMM CeKTOpHMa IIOJIJiiTJ%1qKe M ,n;pymTBeHe ,n;eJiaT- CTBeHo o,n; Herrocpe,n;mJr HHTepeca 3a JKeHy, HCTHHa ,n;yra H HOCTM. yrropna, jep ce pa):IM o rrpeBacrrMTaBa!hy JI>YAM M >KeHa, ,n;ahe Hose rrJio;n;ose Ha nyTy ocTsapelba paBHonpaBHMX OI\HOCa MeJ:jy JbYI1MMa y HameM COI(MjaJIHCT'lMKOM- APY- liOJIHTHlJKa 11 ,11;pyruTB€Ha aKTJ1BHOCT JKeHa CBe Bl1me· MOpa 1\a Ce- O,l1BI1ja y OHI1M 11PYlllTBeHI1M OpraHI1Ma r,n;e ce J1Ha-qe O,ll;Bl1ja- IIOJIJ1TW:IKa Iii p;pyrnTB€Ha aKTJ1BHOCT rpaJ:jaHa: .y IIOJII1T~I1M H /1PYlllTBeHI1M OpraHH3al\HjaMa, y opraHHMa IIPYlllTBeHor caMoyrrpaBJbaH>a, y ROMyHaJIHHM 3ajei\HI1I(aMa 11 IIPYri1M ,11eMOKpaTCKI1M o6JIHI\11Ma YI1PY>KHBaH>a rpaljaHa. 011 Tara KOJII1KO he Te opraHH3al\11j e ycrreTM ,n;a aKTJ1BM3Hpajy 2Keae 11 KOJIJ1KO aK4'J1BH€ T€MTIOM y IbJ1Ma, 3aBI1CJ1 y ,n;aJbe OCTBapill3_aTJ1 he IIITBy. H. CaMe 2KeHe 6H'J!M KOM .fie Ce CTeiie'Hy !1 KOj 11M ,I(pyiUTB€Ha paBHOrrpaBHOCT :m:eaa. IV KoHrpec, Kao " paHHjM KOHrpecH AHTMcparrmcTHqKor_ cppoaTa 2KeHa KOHCTaToBao je, oc:tm Tora, ,n;a pap; Ha CBl1M 06JIMIJ;JiiMa npOCBefiMBalba, HapO"G:J1TO Ha Ce:JJ.y, KaO 11 pall Ha yHanpelje!hy ):IOMahHHCTBa, Ha pa3BHjaH>y APYWTBeHe 6p11re 3a 0):\rOj l1 BaCITMTaH>e ):\€I(€ ):\OIIpMHOC€' Y seJIMKoj MepM aKTHBHMjeM y"!eruhy >Kena y APYlllTBeHOM JKHBOTy. fiopel\ pal\a KOjH Ha OBMM IIMTa!hi1Ma pa3BHJaJy opraHM napO):IH€ BJiaCTH, rrp11Bp€1\He M /\pyre 1\PYIIITBeHe oprarru3al\Mje, seJJHKY yJiory y pemaBa!hy THX rrpo6JieMa 48 4 IIo.tro:maj :m:eHe y. cl?HPJ ;;;._ �:!· J13.n;aBa"!Ko npe,ll.y3eh.e ,KyJITypa~~. Beorpa~, Kap,n;eJbeBa 29. IIITaMnapli!ja ,KyJIT)rpa", M~Ke,n;oacKa 4. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Knjige Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context M Knjiga Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Položaj žene u FNRJ Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource obradili Neda Božinović i Maks Šnuderl Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historijski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kultura, Beograd Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kultura, Beograd Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 20-M Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 50 str. društveni položaj Jugoslavija socijalni status žene http://afzarhiv.org/files/original/045e510960d59953c03f408c99edcdcf.JPG 6ac38b79c2364a43fafd3d052a68ec10 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Periodika/časopisi Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SP Periodika Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ženama Bosne i Hercegovine Subject The topic of the resource Antifašistički front žena Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Odbor za pripremu I Kongresa žena Bosne i Hercegovine Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oslobođenje, maj 1945 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Štamparija "Oslobođenje" Sarajevo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource maj 1945 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost CRVENA Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Oslobođenje Language A language of the resource SH Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 23-P Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1 str. Type The nature or genre of the resource proglas 1945 AFŽ Bosna i Hercegovina Prvi Kongres žena Bosne i Hercegovine